According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departrue, the firm is likely to______.A．become more stableB．report increased earningsC．do less well in the stock marketD．perform. worse in lawsuits
According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departrue, the firm is likely to______.
A．become more stable
B．report increased earnings
C．do less well in the stock market
D．perform. worse in lawsuits
相关考题：
(ii) A proposal which will increase the after tax proceeds from the sale of the Snapper plc loan stock and areasoned recommendation of a more appropriate form. of external finance. (3 marks)
BHaving a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It’s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”He points out that differences among households（家庭）exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. “And the situation gets worse for women when they have children,” Stafford said.Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most-about 21 hours a week.Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men.Having children increases housework even further. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’10 hours.45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man___________.A. takes on heavier work B. does more houseworkC. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house
Which of the following applieans is most likely to be employed?A.A school teacher with a master’s degree.B.A university graduate in computer science.C.A director from a with a master’s degree.D.A eler company
As the firm's business increased they ( )more and more employees. A. took upB. took inC. took onD. took after
According to the passage, companies can have different classes of stock mainly because the company wants ______.A．to keep the financial costs at a certain levelB．to still have the control over the companyC．to keep the stock price from droppingD．to attract more capital from the public
It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact，it seems that a little more politeness could save businesses ￡5 billion every year. Frequently hearing the phrase“thank you”or“well done”means the same to staff as a modest pay rise.Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs. In this way the business companies can save the cost of finding new employees. A third of 1,000 workers surveyed by a consulting firm said they did not get thanked at all when they did well-and a further third said they were not thanked enough. In both cases. staff said they felt undervalued，meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere.The result of the survey shows that there would be around ￡5.2 billion loss in productivity if the employees felt less appreciated. According to the firm，praising staff has the same positive effect as a 1 per cent pay rise-and works out much cheaper for bosses. Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their bosses was important to them，but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed.The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well. But it seems that they most need such praise.In regional terms，Scottish staff felt most undervalued. Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise. However. workers in the North-East are less impressed by being praised by the boss，as only 69 per cent said they felt the need to be told“well done”regularly. Older employees and women need the most reassurance，according to psychologist Averil Leimon. She said that words of praise did more than creating a pleasant place to work-they could even promote profits.The survey indicates that politeness could save businesses a huge amount of money every year because______.A．politeness makes employees expect pay riseB．politeness is less likely to make staff work harderC．politeness helps employers find proper employeesD．politeness helps employers reduce the cost of staff employment
共用题干1. Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,（因特网的使用使人们的心理健康度下降）according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on（进人电脑系统）less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.2.Researchers are puzzling over the results,which were completely contrary to their expectations.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.3.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized（假设）.Faceless, bodiless virtual（虚拟的）communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation,and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.4."But it's important to remember this is not about the technology itself;it's about how it is used,"says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel,one of the study's sponsors（发起人）."It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."Exposure to the wider world via the Net _________.A:experience as much of depression as those who neverB:may suffer more depression than those who neverC:after they use the NetD:makes users less satisfied with their livesE:before they use the NetF: the Net would prove socially healthier than television
共用题干Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. Strategies to shift the overall population risk downward include______.A:losing weightB:eat less and exercise moreC:adding more vitamins in your dietD:aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies
共用题干1. Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,（因特网的使用使人们的心理健康度下降）according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on（进人电脑系统）less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.2.Researchers are puzzling over the results,which were completely contrary to their expectations.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.3.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized（假设）.Faceless, bodiless virtual（虚拟的）communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation,and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.4."But it's important to remember this is not about the technology itself;it's about how it is used,"says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel,one of the study's sponsors（发起人）."It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."Paragraph 3_________A:Good influence Internet has on youthsB:Bad result caused by Internet useC:How the drop in well-being take placeD:Researchers' puzzleE:Solutions to the problemF:The Internet not to blame
共用题干第一篇A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed,a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone,by contrast,the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with. each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 pm,and especially after midnight.With passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers,have less to do with"really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving experience."The basic issue,"he says,"is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使······缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduate licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes,according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest,with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A:Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 pm.B:A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C:Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at midnight.D:A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.
共用题干1. Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being,（因特网的使用使人们的心理健康度下降）according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on（进人电脑系统）less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.2.Researchers are puzzling over the results,which were completely contrary to their expectations.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.3.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized（假设）.Faceless, bodiless virtual（虚拟的）communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation,and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.4."But it's important to remember this is not about the technology itself;it's about how it is used,"says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel,one of the study's sponsors（发起人）."It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."Researchers expected________.A:experience as much of depression as those who neverB:may suffer more depression than those who neverC:after they use the NetD:makes users less satisfied with their livesE:before they use the NetF: the Net would prove socially healthier than television
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.39.German"multi-generational"community aims toA.reconnect old people and young men.B.help poor people find jobs after training.C.offer company to lonely old people.D.provide job opportunities to poor people.
Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.38.The drawback of not having proper friends lies inA.discrimination from the richest fifth.B.loss ofchances to get university degrees.C.no financial support from the govemment.D.unhelpful social networks to get rid ofpoverty.
共用题干Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers,be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.“It's the neurohormone（神经激素）that con-trols our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,”says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine（尿）sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a break-down product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medi-cine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body. Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.The experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drinkers______. A: produce less melatoninB: sleep longer than decaf drinkersC: produce more urine at nightD: wake up every three hours
共用题干Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers,be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant（兴奋剂）,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin（褪黑激素）,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.“It's the neurohormone（神经激素）that con-trols our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,”says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf（脱咖啡因咖啡）.On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off,twice as long as usual.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine（尿）sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a break-down product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medi-cine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme（酶）that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body. Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.Ohayon advises coffee lovers______.A: to drink less coffee during the dayB: to take decaf after lunchC: not to go to bed after taking coffeeD: not to drink coffee after supper
共用题干Psychologically Unhealthy InternetInternet is used widely in our daily life.It brings us convenience as well as some troubles.Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well一being,according to research at Carnegie Mellon University._______(46)Though actually,even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Inter-net experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently,the two-year study showed.And it wasn't that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet,_______(47)Researchers are confused about the results,which were completely contrary to their expectations_______（48)The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being,researchers hypothesized._______(49),and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives."_______(50);it's about how it is used,"says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel,one of the study's sponsors."It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."_________（49）A:Faceless,bodiless"virtual"communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversationB:Generally,people may assume only those who stick to the computer screen suffer from that.C:but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.D:They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television,since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.E:But it's important to remember this is not about the technologyF:The researchers' expectation is that television would prove more attractive to the audience than the Net.
Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new researchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__1__firm’swork,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.__2__,firms in happyplacesspend more on R&D（researchand development）.That’s becausehappiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.__7__enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors__13__to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happinessinequality.__17__thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveit at least__18__at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.7选？A.SureB.OddC.UnfortunateD.Often
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up，”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_____A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price forecastersD.independent advisers
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up，”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors____A.may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB.have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC.are accustomed to stressfree work in the firmD.will decline incentives from the firm
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up，”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.According to the researchers from Ohio University,after an outside director's surprise departure,the firm is likely to_____A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the stock marketD.perform worse in lawsuits
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up，”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is_____A.permissiveB.positiveC.scornfulD.critical
Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee;how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm's board.Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals.If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.Often they“trade up，”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break,even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.According to Paragraph 1,Ms.Simmons was criticized for_____A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her dutyC.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times
共用题干Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware.Having a quick"pick-me-up"cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep .As well as being a stimulant,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am,before falling again."It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California.But researchers in Israel have found that caf feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop offtwice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin .The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers .In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body,Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?A: There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.B: There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.C: Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D: Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone that decaf drinkers.
共用题干Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware.Having a quick"pick-me-up"cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep .As well as being a stimulant,caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin,the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am,before falling again."It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,"says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California.But researchers in Israel have found that caf feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average,subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee,compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop offtwice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment,the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample.Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin .The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers .In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine,the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body,Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. The author of this passage probably agrees that______.A: coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffeeB: we should not drink coffee after supperC: people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a.m.D: if we feel sleepy at night,we should go to bed immediately
单选题Which of the following is TRUE according to Donna’s letter?AThe best time to study is from 10 pm to 1 am.BWalking outside can make you remember more.CIt’s good to tell a study partner about your feeling.DIt’s necessary to have a rest for 15 to 20 minutes an hour.
单选题Which of the following is true about the Internet according to the passage?AAmericans were more in contact before the advent of the Internet.BThe Internet is weakening the tie of social networks.CIf you use the internet, you are more likely to get help from network members.DInternet users are more likely to receive help from non-users.
单选题According to the passage, we may infer that in the future______.Aless and less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.Bmore and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.Cundergraduates will have no choice but to continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.Dundergraduates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with psychological counselors’ help.