The underlined word "hibernation" in paragraph 2 means ______.A. a sleep to avoid eatingB. a temperature in a cold weatherC. a sleep in the cold seasonD. an animal to practice sleep in winter
The underlined word "hibernation" in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. a sleep to avoid eating
B. a temperature in a cold weather
C. a sleep in the cold season
D. an animal to practice sleep in winter
相关考题：
Passage OneAnimals have different ways of protecting themselves against wintertime weather. Some animals grow heavy coats of fur or feathers, while others dig into the ground to find a warm wintertime home.Some animals spend the winter in a deep sleep because by going to sleep they avoid the time of the year when food is scarce and the temperatures are low. Their sleep is known as hibernation.There is much about hibernation that puzzles scientists. For example, they are wondering how hibernation came into being. Some scientists have explored the possibility that animals release a chemical that starts them hibernating.One thing that scientists are certain about is that animals hibernate only when it is cold. Hibernation is a seasonal practice.Some animals that fall into a wintertime sleep are not true hibernators because they spend only a part of the cold season asleep. Bears, for example, can easily be awakened from their winter nap. They are not true hibernators.Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether a particular animal is a true hibernator. For example, some mice hibernate, but others do not. The same is true of bats. Some of them hibernate. Others do not.36. Hibernation is a seasonal practice. This means it ______.A. takes place only during a particular seasonB. occurs only during the nightC. is a daily practiceD. only happens when a species becomes over-populated
Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ( ).A. sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB. sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles
EHave you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠) .It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past , peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation . So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past , without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as ”The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals ,although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder .It is normal . Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning .This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people .The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison , used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous ,as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.67.The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end
What does the author advise people to do ?A. Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.
共用题干SleeplessnessInsomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause .In-somnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you .For women who are having night sweats,their sleep is broken by frequent a-wakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns .If it doesn't it may be,or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know?if you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleep-lessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disor- ders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them,there are new med-icines that may help. Other common causes are shift working,and pain.In up to 30%of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified.Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills.It is estimated that 25% of the adult popu- lation in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleep-ing pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time.Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits.The recommendations are:-Go to bed only when sleepy．-Do not wait up to a specified time．-Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening,etc. The word"insomnia"in the first paragraph means______.A: having a normal sleep patternB: having no sweats at nightC: feeling that one's sleep is adequate for himD: having trouble falling or staying asleep
Text 2 Obesity used to be regarded as a disease of afiluent societies.In a sense,of course,this is true:you cannot be obese if you cannot afford enough calories.But we now understand that the story is more complex,and that children from low-income groups are more likely to be obese than those from the highest-income groups.Our understanding of sleep deprivation has yet to see a similar evolution.Almost half the British population say they get six hours'sleep a night or less,compared with around a twelfth in 1942.Experts blame developments such as electriiication and the proliferation of entertainment,one neuroscientist went so far as to warn of a"catastrophic sleep-loss epidemic"recently.We need sleep for mental and physical recovery;for cognitive control,memory and leaming.Sleep loss is associated with everything from obesity and Alzheimer's disease to diabetes and poor mental health.Sleep evangelists（布i道者）such as Arianna Huffington portray a world of busy professionals sending emails into the early hours,teenagers watching televisions in their bedrooms and parents shopping online when they should be winding down.The solutions are obvious,even if we struggle to find the discipline to implement them:turn offyour phone and for goodness sake go to bed..The truth is that poorer people sleep worse.You cannot buy sleep itself,but you must pay for the circumstances likely to induce it.Overcrowded,noisy,cold or unsafe housing makes sleep harder.So does shift work-especially ifit is casualised and unpredictable.Poor nutrition and stress also take their toll.We worried about reaching for our smartphone at night,while those making the devices sleep on hard beds in shared dormitories with coworkers clattering to and fro,as Benjamin Reiss observes in his book Wild Nights."Social inequities are reproduced and even multiplied in sleep,"he writes;children in bad housing will struggle to concentrate in class after a poor night's sleep.The gap is racial too.Lauren Hale,an expert on social patrerns of sleep,notes that fewer black people get the recommended amount of sleep than any other ethnic group in the U.S.,and less of it is the most restorative kind.Racism may itself affect sleep,perhaps because of the stress it causes;African Americans who report discrimination are more likely to say they sleep poorly than those who do not.Sleep is a social justice issue,requiring social solutions.Telling people to cut down on coffee is easy;improving labour laws is harder.But when people's sleep problems reflect their lack of control over their lives,telling them they should change how they live is profoundly unhelpful.26.We can infer from Paragraph I that obesityA.is a common social problem.B.is often found among the rich.C.is not that simple as we thought.D.is caused by over-taking of calories.
Text 2 Obesity used to be regarded as a disease of afiluent societies.In a sense,of course,this is true:you cannot be obese if you cannot afford enough calories.But we now understand that the story is more complex,and that children from low-income groups are more likely to be obese than those from the highest-income groups.Our understanding of sleep deprivation has yet to see a similar evolution.Almost half the British population say they get six hours'sleep a night or less,compared with around a twelfth in 1942.Experts blame developments such as electriiication and the proliferation of entertainment,one neuroscientist went so far as to warn of a"catastrophic sleep-loss epidemic"recently.We need sleep for mental and physical recovery;for cognitive control,memory and leaming.Sleep loss is associated with everything from obesity and Alzheimer's disease to diabetes and poor mental health.Sleep evangelists（布i道者）such as Arianna Huffington portray a world of busy professionals sending emails into the early hours,teenagers watching televisions in their bedrooms and parents shopping online when they should be winding down.The solutions are obvious,even if we struggle to find the discipline to implement them:turn offyour phone and for goodness sake go to bed..The truth is that poorer people sleep worse.You cannot buy sleep itself,but you must pay for the circumstances likely to induce it.Overcrowded,noisy,cold or unsafe housing makes sleep harder.So does shift work-especially ifit is casualised and unpredictable.Poor nutrition and stress also take their toll.We worried about reaching for our smartphone at night,while those making the devices sleep on hard beds in shared dormitories with coworkers clattering to and fro,as Benjamin Reiss observes in his book Wild Nights."Social inequities are reproduced and even multiplied in sleep,"he writes;children in bad housing will struggle to concentrate in class after a poor night's sleep.The gap is racial too.Lauren Hale,an expert on social patrerns of sleep,notes that fewer black people get the recommended amount of sleep than any other ethnic group in the U.S.,and less of it is the most restorative kind.Racism may itself affect sleep,perhaps because of the stress it causes;African Americans who report discrimination are more likely to say they sleep poorly than those who do not.Sleep is a social justice issue,requiring social solutions.Telling people to cut down on coffee is easy;improving labour laws is harder.But when people's sleep problems reflect their lack of control over their lives,telling them they should change how they live is profoundly unhelpful.27.Which of the following is odd according to Paragraph 2?A.What we thought about the lack of sleep may be wrong.B.Sleep is vital to our mental and physical health.C.More and more British people sleep less.D.Sleep-loss epidemic is around the comer.
共用题干第一篇How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）." Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse."Sleeping like a dormouse"most probably meansA:sleeping longer on cold days.B:sleeping badly.C:sleeping with a lower heartbeat rate.D:sleeping with little breathing,
共用题干第一篇How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）." Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.How does the Arctic fox survive in winter?A:It leaves its burrow and migrates to a warmer land.B:It sleeps soundly inside its burrow in winter. C:It lives on rabbits or field mice.D:It stays in its burrow and lives on the food stored there.
共用题干第一篇How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）." Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.During hibernation,animals breatheA:normally. B:at a slower rate.C:at a faster rate. D:irregularly.
共用题干第一篇How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）." Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?A:It moves about to keep warm.B:It grows thicker fur.C:It stores fat before hibernation.D:It goes to warmer areas.
共用题干第一篇How Animals Keep WarmMan has invented ways to keep warm,but how do animals defend themselves?They cannot reason in the sense that man can,but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts（本能）.One of these instincts is known as hibernation（冬眠）." Sleeping like a dormouse（棒睡鼠）"is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes,the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state.They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.Safe in their nests,or burrows（地洞）,they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,even insects like butterflies,hibernate more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels（松鼠）,sleep during coldest weather but are roused（弄醒）by a warm spell（暖流）.During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically.Breathing and heart-beats almost cease.Another instinctive method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans,seagulls,swallows and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles,twice a year,to avoid cold.Many animals,especially those of the Arctic regions,have summer and winter quarters.The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer（驯鹿）of Europe,move southward towards the forests when winter approaches.They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold.Their instinctive means of defense is to dig out a deep burrow,made it soft and warm by padding （填塞）out with straw,leaves,moss and fur. In it they have a"secret place"containing food which they hope will last the winter through!Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox,the rabbit and the little field-mouse.According to the passage,"migration"(paragraph 4)meansA:moving from one place to another at a particular time of the year.B:living in burrows in winter.C:traveling in the winter months.D:visiting foreign countries.
Enough sleep is important to health.The amount of sleep（21）depends on the age of the per-son and the conditions in which sleep（22）.The young may need more sleep than the old,hut（23）eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.Some can do with less than this amount?but（24）may need more.Every person knows his own need.It is then a matter of how to（25）it.Sleep should be always enough to make one relaxed(松弛)and ready for（26）work.Fresh air is（27）to sound sleep(酣睡).It is not（28）reason for some people to insist that?it is practical to sleep in the open air.（29）a person can keep himself warm,out-of-door sleeping?probably gives the body（30）complete relaxation.Ability to sleep is largely a habit.The conditions refen-ed to only lead to sleep.Out-of-door（31）,a good habit of regular drinking and the avoidance of late eating and（32）are all helpful?to sound sleep.Such factors are largely within the（33）of any person.A bath at（34）,neither?hot nor cold but of body temperature,may be helpful to sleep.Sleeping pills should never be taken?except when suggested by（35）.第（30）题选A.a strongB.a mostC.a badD.an exciting
Enough sleep is important to health.The amount of sleep（21）depends on the age of the per-son and the conditions in which sleep（22）.The young may need more sleep than the old,hut（23）eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.Some can do with less than this amount?but（24）may need more.Every person knows his own need.It is then a matter of how to（25）it.Sleep should be always enough to make one relaxed(松弛)and ready for（26）work.Fresh air is（27）to sound sleep(酣睡).It is not（28）reason for some people to insist that?it is practical to sleep in the open air.（29）a person can keep himself warm,out-of-door sleeping?probably gives the body（30）complete relaxation.Ability to sleep is largely a habit.The conditions refen-ed to only lead to sleep.Out-of-door（31）,a good habit of regular drinking and the avoidance of late eating and（32）are all helpful?to sound sleep.Such factors are largely within the（33）of any person.A bath at（34）,neither?hot nor cold but of body temperature,may be helpful to sleep.Sleeping pills should never be taken?except when suggested by（35）.第（29）题选A.AsB.WhereC.UnlessD.When
单选题Passage2People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?APeople had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.BScientists agree that artificial lighting changed the way people sleep.CSome of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep.DSleeping for one long period may explain why some people have sleep problems.
单选题The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____.Ahow sleep deprivation (缺乏 ) can be treatedBwhat causes sleep deprivationCwho is most at risk for sleep deprivationDwhy sleep deprivation is a serious concern
单选题Passage2People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What conclusion does the writer make about divided sleep?AIt is one type of sleeping problem.BIt may help people handle daily stress.CIt is not the best sleep pattern for everyone.DIt is even a common practice in modern times.
问答题Practice 1 Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night’s sleep helps your body fight a cold. People who (1)______ fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being (2)______ to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found. Researchers used frequent telephone (3)______ to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the (4)______ to the virus, quarantined (隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick. (5)______ sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re (6)______ sleeping—were also less likely to get sick. The results held true even after researchers adjusted for (7)______ such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus. Like your grandmother, the researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do take a stab at the answer: “Sleep (8)______ influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in (9)______ to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus (10)______ to the symptoms that define a cold.[A] subjects [B] disruption [C] exposed[D] contributes [E]interviews [F] Despite[G] actually [H] properties [I]response[J]variables [K]action [L]averaged[M]Besides [N]partially [O]disturbance
单选题The main idea of the third paragraph is _____.Ahow to write a medical research paperBhow to avoid sleep lossChow the research was conductedDhow to conduct a medical experiment
单选题In the last paragraph the author points out that ______.Asleeping less is good for human healthBpeople ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeCit is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleDthose who can sleep less should be encouraged
单选题Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?ADivided sleep is a strange way to sleep.BDivided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.CDivided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.DDivided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.
单选题The underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.ArubbishBpoisonCdisasterDruin
单选题Many doctors think it is helpful for night-shift workers _____.Ato sleep with a bright light onBto plan sleep patterns carefullyCto avoid being disturbed at workDto sleep for a long time after work
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?ADivided sleep is a strange way to sleep.BDivided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.CDivided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.DDivided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.
单选题Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2～4?ATo explain what happens in a night of divided sleep.BTo give an opinion about the divided sleep pattern.CTo describe the life of farmers before the 18th century.DTo explain the lives of writers and artists before the 18th century.