名词解释题Lethal synthesis
名词解释题
Lethal synthesis
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共用题干Ebola Outbreak1. You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Eb-ola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the vi-rus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus。2. To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:Si-erra Leone,Liberia and Guinea. However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola with their border.3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries,your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids .Though the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhib-iting symptoms is communicable.4. The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection .Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.5. Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制）, making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注）ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria（疟疾）are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infec-tions.Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in______.A: infected body fluidsB: against the outbreak severityC: the mode of transmissionD: the initial days of being infectedE: three countries in West AfricaF: within a wide range of days
（ ）,photo synthesis is the ultimate source of food for almost all organisms on earth.A.It is an extremely important processB.An extremely important process,it isC.That an extremely important asD.An extremely important process
共用题干Stars in Their EyesThe Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy,Macmillan，￡20,ISBN 0333782933Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know.For the first time in history,we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe,our position within it and how the whole thing came into being.In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable（受欢迎的）form._______ (46)The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy,co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9,which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several full-scale nuclear wars.________(47)This is certainly a great collection of essays,but it is not , as the book promises , a seamless（完美的，无缝隙的）synthesis of our current knowledge.Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included.There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris（碎片）in the Solar System , and on our Galaxy , the Milky Way. _______(48)The contributors,too,are stars in their own fields.Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick.My personal favorites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary（膨胀的）Universe.So much for the book's content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos,which the book jacket promises.Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps,missing explanations and so on. ________(49)But there isn't one.In fact,surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information,there is no index.Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze（巧妙的主意）.But this approach shortchanges the public,who would be better served by an account moulded into a seamless whole.________(50)However,for the next edition,please,please can we have an index?_______ (46)A: Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.B: In a more positive vein,this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview（概述）of current cosmic understanding.C: Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer,so you'd expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.D: Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.E: To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary（词表）of terms.F: Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles,the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.
According to the passage，the end goal of great literature is( ) A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories，and the creation of character B.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human condition C.the teaching of morality and ethical behavior D.to write about tragedy and despair
SDH全称为（）A、synchronous digital hierarchyB、synthesis digital hierarchyC、synchronously developed hierarchyD、synthesized development hierarchy
SONET全称为（）A、synchronous optimized networkB、synchronous optical networkC、synthesis optimized networkD、synthesis optical network
单选题Although many people would not believe it, the mosquito is actually the most dangerous animal in Africa. While the bite of the black mamba is invariably lethal when untreated, this dreaded snake kills only a few dozen people per year. Hippopotami, with their immense strength and foul dispositions, kill hundreds of people per year in rivers and lakes, but the mosquito is still more dangerous. Mosquitoes bite hundreds of millions of people in Africa every year, and they infect over a million each year with malaria, a disease that is often fatal. Which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the claim made above regarding the mosquito?ACould a person survive an attack by a black mamba if that person received prompt medical attention?BWhat criteria are used to determine which animal is the “most dangerous” animal?CCould the incidence of mosquito bites be decreased through the judicious use of pesticides and insect repellent?DDoes malaria kill more people per year in Africa than tuberculosis?EHow does the percentage of people who survive hippopotamus attacks in Africa each year compare with the percentage of people who survive mosquito bites?
单选题Materials and Tools for Language Learning ① The range of materials and tools available to help you with your language studies is huge, from dictionaries to language courses. All of them can help you in different ways, and the appropriate use of these materials and courses will make your language learning much easier and more effective. ② Possibly the most useful tools there are for learning a language are dictionaries. Dictionaries come in a number of formats including bilingual, monolingual, illustrated, electronic and online. Bilingual dictionaries are perhaps the most useful ones for beginners and intermediate learners, while monolingual dictionaries, which are designed for native speakers, are also useful for advanced learners. Pocket dictionaries are good for quick reference and easy to carry around. Larger dictionaries are better if you want more definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammar. Electronic dictionaries are available as handheld units, or as software. Handheld ones are portable, easy and quick to search, and often provide other functions, such as, text-to-speech, voice recognition and speech synthesis organizers, address books. They tend to be rather expensive though. Software dictionaries offer many of the same functions, and can be used on computers, and mobile phones. ③ The traditional courses tend to consist of textbooks containing dialogues, exercises, notes on grammar, and maybe cultural information. Accompanying cassettes, CDs and/or mp3s are often available. Most such courses are intended for complete beginners or people with only minimal knowledge of the language. Intermediate and advanced-level courses are available for some of the popular languages, such as French, German, Italian and Spanish. ④ Audio courses usually consist solely of cassettes or CDs, though some may also include a limited amount of printed material. All dialogues, exercises, instructions and explanations are recorded and the focus of these courses is teaching you to understand and speak the languages. They are very good at teaching you authentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabulary. ⑤ Various computer-aided courses are available on CD-ROMs and DVDs. Each course is different but they generally include dialogues, audio, exercises and tests. Some also include phrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone support.The materials and tools available to help you with your language studies range（）.Amore definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammarBauthentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabularyCphrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone supportDfrom dictionaries to language coursesEin a much easier and more effective wayFbeginners or people with only a little knowledge of the language
单选题Materials and Tools for Language Learning ① The range of materials and tools available to help you with your language studies is huge, from dictionaries to language courses. All of them can help you in different ways, and the appropriate use of these materials and courses will make your language learning much easier and more effective. ② Possibly the most useful tools there are for learning a language are dictionaries. Dictionaries come in a number of formats including bilingual, monolingual, illustrated, electronic and online. Bilingual dictionaries are perhaps the most useful ones for beginners and intermediate learners, while monolingual dictionaries, which are designed for native speakers, are also useful for advanced learners. Pocket dictionaries are good for quick reference and easy to carry around. Larger dictionaries are better if you want more definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammar. Electronic dictionaries are available as handheld units, or as software. Handheld ones are portable, easy and quick to search, and often provide other functions, such as, text-to-speech, voice recognition and speech synthesis organizers, address books. They tend to be rather expensive though. Software dictionaries offer many of the same functions, and can be used on computers, and mobile phones. ③ The traditional courses tend to consist of textbooks containing dialogues, exercises, notes on grammar, and maybe cultural information. Accompanying cassettes, CDs and/or mp3s are often available. Most such courses are intended for complete beginners or people with only minimal knowledge of the language. Intermediate and advanced-level courses are available for some of the popular languages, such as French, German, Italian and Spanish. ④ Audio courses usually consist solely of cassettes or CDs, though some may also include a limited amount of printed material. All dialogues, exercises, instructions and explanations are recorded and the focus of these courses is teaching you to understand and speak the languages. They are very good at teaching you authentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabulary. ⑤ Various computer-aided courses are available on CD-ROMs and DVDs. Each course is different but they generally include dialogues, audio, exercises and tests. Some also include phrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone support.The traditional courses are designed for（）Amore definitions, examples of usage, and information about pronunciation, and grammarBauthentic pronunciation and a manageable amount of vocabularyCphrasebooks, dictionaries, videos, games and provide online and/or telephone supportDfrom dictionaries to language coursesEin a much easier and more effective wayFbeginners or people with only a little knowledge of the language
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage. Many people today are worried about bird flu. They are afraid that it will pass from birds to humans and that thousands of people will die in a pandemic. In 1918 a flu virus killed about 50 million people around the world. The virus was called Spanish influenza (or Spanish flu, for short) because Spanish newspapers first described the disease. Now, after nine years of work, scientists in an American laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, have produced a copy of the Spanish flu virus. They are also going to publish the genetic sequence of the virus on the Internet and some experts are afraid that other laboratories could copy the virus. Scientists have copied the virus because they want to understand why the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic killed so many people. In a report in the journal Science, Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger and a team of scientists in the USA show that the copied virus is extremely powerful. The scientists injected the virus into mice and the mice began to lose weight very quickly. They lost 13% of their weight in two days and all of the mice died within six days. “I didn’t expect it to be as lethal as it was,”Dr. Terrence Tumpey, one of the scientists in the team, told the journal Nature. In another experiment, they injected more mice with a normal type of flu. The mice lost weight at first but then they got better and did not die. The experiments showed that the mice with the Spanish flu virus had 39,000 times more flu virus in their bodies than the second group of mice. The scientists who copied the virus say their work has already provided important information about the virus and helps to explain why it is so lethal. But other experts are worried that the virus could escape from the laboratory. “Some people will think that they have really created a biological weapon,” said Professor Ronald Atlas of the University of Louisville in Kentucky. “I am even more worried now than I was before about the possibility of a flu pandemic. The 1918 flu pandemic started with bird flu and that might happen again today with Asian bird flu.” Some scientists are worried about the publication of the genetic sequence on the Internet. They are afraid that biologists could copy the virus using the information on the Internet. This could be very dangerous. It took a long time to copy the virus. Scientists used material taken from the lungs of people who died from the flu virus in 1918. In a second report in Nature, Taubenberger and his colleagues analyzed the genetic make-up of the virus. They were surprised to find that it was completely different from all the normal human flu viruses. This probably means that Spanish flu jumped from birds to humans and did not mix with a human virus first. This is very worrying for scientists because in the past everyone believed that a pandemic was only possible if a bird flu virus mixed with a human flu virus. Taubenberger says it is very important to know what changes in the virus caused the 1918 Spanish flu virus. This will help scientists to work out which viruses might cause a pandemic. The H5N1 bird flu in Asia is already changing and it could infect humans, he said. Viruses have escaped from high-security labs before. The SARS virus escaped at least twice, once in Taiwan and once in Singapore. But some scientists believe a pandemic will not happen even if the virus escapes, because most people are naturally immune and there are now a lot of drugs which protect people from flu. Questions: 1．When was the Spanish flu pandemic? 2．How many people died in the Spanish flu pandemic? 3．Where did the scientists produce a copy of the Spanish flu virus? 4．How quickly did the laboratory mice die? 5．What is H5N1?
名词解释题代谢拮抗（lethal synthesis）