单选题For married mothers, the time spend on child care increased to an average of 12.9 hours a week in 2009.AForBspendCincreasedDan average
单选题
For married mothers, the time spend on child care increased to an average of 12.9 hours a week in 2009.
A
For
B
spend
C
increased
D
an average
参考解析
解析：
相关考题：
Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.A. heavyB. smoothC. flexibleD. complex
25． Which of the following is NOT true?A． Some students are so careless that they spend lots of time on their homework． 'B． A11 the students stay up late for their homework，C． Children should be given less homework，D． Schools and parents should take care of children．
Passage OneSometimes children are kidnapped. Kidnapping is like stealing a child. It is important that kidnappedchildren are found and brought home as soon as possible.The sooner the public knows about a kidnapping the sooner they might be able to help. Some people decided to start a program that would alert the public about kidnappings right away. This program is called Care Alert.The Care Alert program gives television and radio stations important information about a recently kidnapped child. These stations will then tell the public what happened in hopes that someone might be able to help. Anyone that may have seen something about the kidnapping could then call the police.Sometimes one parent of a child kidnaps his or her own child. These kidnappings are not usually used in the Care Alert program. The Care Alert program is only used when a stranger has taken a child.When a child is kidnapped he is in a lot of danger. It is very important to find him as soon as possible. It is hoped that this new Care Alert program will save children's lives.36. What is kidnapping based on the passage? It is ______.A. taking a child away without permissionB. making a child sleeping with a songC. hugging a child with loveD. saving a child from a stranger
Sometimes one parent of a child will kidnap his or her own child. In this case, ______ the Care Alertprogram.A. publics will get information fromB. television may not get information fromC. the parent will be punished byD. the child will be saved by
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。第14题：Why is the woman asking for leave?A. She plans to go to the UK with her parents.B. She has to take care of her parents at home.C. She wants to spend some time with her parents.
共用题干Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?A: Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.B: A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.C: Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.D: Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the most vital thing for women is to______A.spend more money on their childrenB.spend more time with their childrenC.balance their work inside and outsideD.earn more money to support their family
Text 3 Family caregivers provide essential,often unpaid work in the U.S.:they help family members with tasks like bathing and eating,coordinating insurance coverage and managing medications.But what a caregiver looks like in America is changing.Although the typical unpaid family caregiver is a 49-year-old white woman,about 10 million Americans between ages 18 and 34,of all different backgrounds,are now the caregivers for a family member or friend,according to a new report by AARP.One out of four family caregivers in the U.S.is a millennial.And as Baby Boomers age and need more support,this young group is becoming an increasingly important part of the caregiving workforce.More than half of millennial caregivers are now people of color,according to the report,and they are more likely than any other generation to balance caregiving with employment.Nearly three quarters of millennial caregivers are employed,according to the new report,and 53%work full time.They also spend an average of 21 hours per week on caregiving,or the equivalent of a part time job.More than one in four millennials spends over 20 hours each week providing care,and roughly one in five provides care for at least 40 hours each week."Many of these millennials are not just working and providing this care,but are trying to figure out,ihow do I balance all of this?"'says Jean Accius,an expert on long-term care services and supports at the AARP's public policy institute,which provides guides for different communities of caregivers."At this time in their life,a typical milleruual may be thinking about going on vacation,hanging out with friends and potentially getting married,but these millennials are doing things like wound care and bathing."The report finds that Latino millennials often face increased pressure,as they work more hours each week on average and spend more time providing care than young adults of other backgrounds.Some of this has to do with the fact that Hispanuc Americans are more likely to live in multi-generational households,Accius says.Tasks like navigating govemment health systems or coordinating care between multiple providers can also be particularly challenging for families that have members whose first language is not English.Another common source of stress is the impact that caregiving responsibilities can have on a person's career.54%of millennial caregivers say that caregiving has impacted their job in significant ways,according to the report.Yet millennials are much less likely to tell their supervisors or colleagues at work about their caregiving responsibilities,meaning they are often navigating alone.One sign of progress is that millennial men are nearly as likely to provide care as women,according to the report."The way that millennials think about gendered work or gendered care roles is changing,"says Whiting."The U.S.is already facing a shortage of caregivers,and the increasing gender and racial diversity of millennial caregivers will be necessary to support all those who need help in the future:'she says."We see,especially among millennials,that everybody bears some responsibility,and we need to care for each other."The millennial men's participation in caregiving would_____A.provide great help in the futureB.be responsible to care for each otherC.change people's opinion on gendered workD.be helpful to address shortage ofcaregivers
Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest.Betty Friedan is mentioned in the first paragraph to______A.discuss about female writersB.show the author's conLributionC.introduce the topic of housewivesD.describe the life of single mothers
Text 3 Family caregivers provide essential,often unpaid work in the U.S.:they help family members with tasks like bathing and eating,coordinating insurance coverage and managing medications.But what a caregiver looks like in America is changing.Although the typical unpaid family caregiver is a 49-year-old white woman,about 10 million Americans between ages 18 and 34,of all different backgrounds,are now the caregivers for a family member or friend,according to a new report by AARP.One out of four family caregivers in the U.S.is a millennial.And as Baby Boomers age and need more support,this young group is becoming an increasingly important part of the caregiving workforce.More than half of millennial caregivers are now people of color,according to the report,and they are more likely than any other generation to balance caregiving with employment.Nearly three quarters of millennial caregivers are employed,according to the new report,and 53%work full time.They also spend an average of 21 hours per week on caregiving,or the equivalent of a part time job.More than one in four millennials spends over 20 hours each week providing care,and roughly one in five provides care for at least 40 hours each week."Many of these millennials are not just working and providing this care,but are trying to figure out,ihow do I balance all of this?"'says Jean Accius,an expert on long-term care services and supports at the AARP's public policy institute,which provides guides for different communities of caregivers."At this time in their life,a typical milleruual may be thinking about going on vacation,hanging out with friends and potentially getting married,but these millennials are doing things like wound care and bathing."The report finds that Latino millennials often face increased pressure,as they work more hours each week on average and spend more time providing care than young adults of other backgrounds.Some of this has to do with the fact that Hispanuc Americans are more likely to live in multi-generational households,Accius says.Tasks like navigating govemment health systems or coordinating care between multiple providers can also be particularly challenging for families that have members whose first language is not English.Another common source of stress is the impact that caregiving responsibilities can have on a person's career.54%of millennial caregivers say that caregiving has impacted their job in significant ways,according to the report.Yet millennials are much less likely to tell their supervisors or colleagues at work about their caregiving responsibilities,meaning they are often navigating alone.One sign of progress is that millennial men are nearly as likely to provide care as women,according to the report."The way that millennials think about gendered work or gendered care roles is changing,"says Whiting."The U.S.is already facing a shortage of caregivers,and the increasing gender and racial diversity of millennial caregivers will be necessary to support all those who need help in the future:'she says."We see,especially among millennials,that everybody bears some responsibility,and we need to care for each other."The Latino millennials are faced with more pressure because_____A.English is not their first languageB.their family backgroundsC.they are lack ofmotivationD.they have to subsidy their household
Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest.This text mainly centers on housewives______A.family and social backgroundB.reasons for not going to workC.disparity of economic statusD.proportion and situations
Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest.According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true?A.The lowest proportion of housewives appeared around 2000.B.Many people think that women are becoming less independent.C.The number of housewives has been falling in the past dec8des.D.Most women think that career may be more important for them.
共用题干Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.My personal______(1)is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not,there are a______(2) of mothers who just have to work.There arethose who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot______(3) see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic______(4).Many mothers are not______(5) out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it______(6) to choosing childcare.These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady______(7) the street.______(8) ,howev-er,many parents don't have any choice；they have to accept anything they can get.Be pre-pared!No______(9) how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest wildly if they are left.This is a______(10) normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family______(11).Make sure that in the first week you allow______(12) time to help your child settle in.All children are different.Some are independent,while others are more______(13) to their mothers.Remember that if you want to______(14) the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the______(15) that matters.9._________A:wayB:matterC:surpriseD:exception
共用题干Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.Which of the following is derivable from Bowiby's work?A:Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B:Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.C:A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D:Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.
单选题Which group of mothers-to-be is recommend to labour at home?AFirst-time mothers.BThose from an ethnic minority.CThose from far away.DThose who had no known complications.
单选题Animal studies show that ______.Amonkey mothers know some knowledge on biologyBmothers tend to show real love to their female babiesCthe offspring does not need so much caring from motherDmonkey mothers give more care to their female kids by instinct
问答题Passage 2Parenting and Responsibility Section A There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform and the responsibilities they take. Yet, at least in developed Western countries, both women and men express a desire for greater equality in family life. It is evident that in terms of attitudes and beliefs, the problem cannot simply be thought of in terms of women wanting men to share more equally and men being reluctant to do so. The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. These are becoming key concerns of researchers, policy makers, community workers and, more importantly, family members themselves. Section B Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labor for family work are very rigid indeed (Watson 1991). In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 per cent of child care tasks and 70 percent of all family work, and only 14 per cent of fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work (Russell 1983). Demo and Acock (1993), in a recent US study, also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labor (68per cent to 95 per cent) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step-family or never married), regardless of whether they are employed or non-employed in paid work. Section C Divisions of labor for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dual-worker families). Employed mothers adjust their jobs and personal lives to accommodate family commitments more than employed fathers do. Mothers are less likely to work overtime and are more likely to take time off work to attend to children’s needs (Vanden Heuvel 1993). Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment (Demo and Acock 1993). Section D The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in child care (Vanden Heuvel 1993). Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90 per cent of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in child care, yet 55 per cent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this. (These claims are despite the findings mentioned earlier that point to a much lower participation rate by fathers.) A mother’s wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than the actual time spent by fathers in these tasks (Demo and Acock 1993). It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families that bring about stress in the female parent. Section E Family therapists and social work researchers are increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and support from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems (Edgar and Glezer 1986). Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes. Section F Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children-fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell 1984).List of Headings i Compromise between two extreme styles ii An opposite standpoint from a new angle iii Factors that influence the change of gender role iv Stereotyped activities in a family v Conventional family pattern vi Primary child care-giver vii Three different types of household labor division viii Effects of personality on division adoption ix An even distribution of domestic tasks x Definition of domestic division of labor Example Answer Paragraph A. x 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D Example Answer Paragraph E i 4. Paragraph F 5. Paragraph G 6. Paragraph H
问答题Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time.