名词解释题Cerebral palsy
名词解释题
Cerebral palsy
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女性，40岁。入院2周前曾发热，流清水鼻涕，在本院门诊拟诊"上呼吸道感染"。昨天患者感四肢末端发麻、乏力。入院体检：神清，双侧额纹减少，双侧眼裂闭合欠佳，双侧鼻唇沟浅，露齿困难。双上肢肌力Ⅲ度，双下肢肌力Ⅳ度，肌张力低下，双侧肱二头肌反射(+)，膝反射(-)，肘、膝关节远端肢体痛觉减退。该病人最可能诊断为A、贝耳麻痹(Bell palsy)B、上颈髓压迫症C、急性脊髓炎D、周期性麻痹E、急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病该病人于发病第3周最具特征性的实验室检查是A、血清钾显著低于正常B、血白细胞计数及分类异常C、血清中检测出特异性病毒抗体D、脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离现象E、脑脊液大量细胞出现该类病人一定出现的临床表现为A、四肢弛缓性瘫痪B、四肢末端对称性疼痛觉减退C、鼻唇沟变浅，口角歪斜D、腱反射消失E、声音嘶哑，吞咽困难这类病人最常见的颅神经损害表现为A、舌咽神经麻痹B、迷走神经麻痹C、周围性面神经麻痹D、中枢性面神经麻痹E、三叉神经麻痹【假设信息】若该病人在发病1周后突然发生呼吸困难、口唇紫绀伴意识模糊。下列处理措施最先考虑的是A、大剂量皮质激素冲击疗法B、立即纠正低血钾C、气管切开，机械辅助呼吸D、立即血浆交换治疗E、立即用呼吸兴奋剂治疗近年来，关于该病发病机制的研究进展认为A、病毒直接侵犯所致B、空肠弯曲杆菌直接侵犯所致C、病毒细菌双重直接侵犯所致D、微生物感染后的自身免疫性疾病E、白细胞功能异常所致
下列选项中，哪项不是血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤的并发症A.凝血机制障碍(disturbances of blood coagulation)B.血栓形成(thrombogenesis)和血栓栓塞(thromboembolism)C.脑血管痉挛(cerebral Vasospasm)D.微弹簧圈移位(migration of coils)E.术中动脉瘤破裂(rupture of aneurysm in operation)
血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤的并发症，不包括A、凝血机制障碍(disturbances of blood coagulation)B、血栓形成(thrombogenesis)和血栓栓塞(thromboembolism)C、脑血管痉挛(cerebral Vasospasm)D、微弹簧圈移位(migration of coils)E、术中动脉瘤破裂(rupture of aneurysm in operation)
女性，40岁。入院2周前曾发热，流清水鼻涕，在本院门诊拟诊“上呼吸道感染”。昨天患者感四肢末端发麻、乏力。入院体检：神清，双侧额纹减少，双侧眼裂闭合欠佳，双侧鼻唇沟浅，露齿困难。双上肢肌力Ⅲ度，双下肢肌力Ⅳ度，肌张力低下，双侧肱二头肌反射(+)；膝反射(一)，肘、膝关节远端肢体痛觉减退。该病人最可能诊断为A．贝耳麻痹(BeⅡ palsy)B．上颈髓压迫症C．急性脊髓炎D．周期性麻痹E．急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病
共用题干Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of StrokeAustralian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third.This is the result of their research.The research, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend,has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.Strokes kill 5 million people a year,and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs,slurred speech and other serious disabilities.One in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second,often fatal,stroke within five years of the first.An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs,the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 percent.Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third,the study said.The drugs are the diuretic indapamide ( 吲达帕胺）and the ACE inhibitor perindopril , better known by its brand name Cover- syl.The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure,the researchers said.They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-ten pa- tients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage（出血）, the worst type of stroke , where there is direct bleeding into the brain.Stephen McMahon,who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of Hypertension,said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke."If most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment,it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,"the professor told Australia's ABC Radio.McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes."What we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is;if you have had a stroke,then lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits,to begin with-even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average,"he said.McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a"major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokes-perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades."What patients among those who have a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs?A:Those whose blood pressure is high.B:Those whose blood pressure is average.C:Those whose blood pressure is below average.D:All of the above.
共用题干Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of StrokeAustralian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third.This is the result of their research.The research, presented at a medical conference in Italy over the weekend,has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.Strokes kill 5 million people a year,and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs,slurred speech and other serious disabilities.One in five stroke survivors goes on to have a second,often fatal,stroke within five years of the first.An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs,the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced by up to 40 percent.Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third,the study said.The drugs are the diuretic indapamide ( 吲达帕胺）and the ACE inhibitor perindopril , better known by its brand name Cover- syl.The combination was effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure,the researchers said.They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-ten pa- tients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage（出血）, the worst type of stroke , where there is direct bleeding into the brain.Stephen McMahon,who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of Hypertension,said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke."If most of those patients were able to get access to this treatment,it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,"the professor told Australia's ABC Radio.McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the blood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes."What we have shown for the first time is that it does not really matter what your blood pressure is;if you have had a stroke,then lowering blood pressure will produce large benefits,to begin with-even for people whose blood pressure is average or below average,"he said.McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded the research as a"major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokes-perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades."Which of the following is NOT a symptom left by strokes?A:Habitual sleeplessness.B:Losing the function of one or more extremities.C:Speaking unclearly.D:Serious disabilities such as facial paralysis.
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.A、neuronsB、nerve systemC、nervesD、cerebral cortex
名词解释题Bell麻痹（Bell palsy）