问答题How Babies Learn Language During the first year of a child’s life, parents and careers are concerned with its physical development very carefully. It is interesting just how easily children learn language. Children who are just three or four years old, who cannot yet tie their shoelaces, are able to speak in full sentences without any specific language training. The current view of child language development is that it is an instinct—something as natural as eating or sleeping. According to experts in this area, this language instinct is innate—something each of us is born with. But this prevailing view has not always enjoyed widespread acceptance. In the middle of last century, experts of the time, including a renowned professor at Harvard University in the United States, regarded child language development as the process of learning through mere repetition. Language “habits” developed as young children were they used incorrect forms of language correctly and ignored or punished when they used incorrect forms of language. Over time, a child, according to this theory, would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training. Yet even though the modern view holds that language is instinctive, experts like Assistant Professor Lise Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with its parents and caregivers is crucial to its developments. The language of the parents and caregivers is so important that the child will learn to speak in a manner very similar to the model speakers it hears.Given that the models parents provide are so important, it is interesting to consider the role of “baby talk” in the child’s language development. Baby talk is the language produced by an adult speaker who is trying to exaggerate certain aspects of the language to capture the attention of a young baby. Dr Roberta Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk. Experiment show that immediately after birth babies respond more to infant-directed talk than they do to adult-directed talk. When using baby talk, people exaggerate their facial expressions, which helps the baby to begin to understand what is being communicated. She also notes that the exaggerated nature and repetition of baby talk helps infants to learn the difference between sounds. Since babies have a great deal of information to process, baby talk helps. Although there is concern that baby talk may persist too long, Dr Golinkoff says that it stops being used as the child gets older, that is, when the child is better able to communicate with the parents. Professor Jusczyk has made a particular study of babies’ ability to recognize sounds, and says they recognize the sound of their own names as early as four and a half months. Babies know the meaning of Mummy and Daddy by about six months, which is earlier than was previously believed. By about nine months, babies begin recognizing frequent patterns in language. A baby will listen longer to the sounds that occur frequently, so it is good to frequently call the infant by its name. An experiment at Johns Hopkins University in USA, in which researchers went to the homes of 16 nine-month-olds, confirms this view. The researchers arranged their visits for ten days out of a two-week period. During each visit the researcher played an audio tape that included the same three stories. The stories included odd words such as “python” or “hornbill”, words that were unlikely to be encountered in the babies’ everyday experience. After a couple of weeks during which nothing was done, the babies were brought to the research lab, where they listened to two recorded lists of words. The first list included words heard in the story. The second included similar words, but not the exact ones that were used in the stories. Jusczyk found the babies listened longer to the words that had appeared in the stories, which indicated that the babies had extracted individual words from the story. When a control group of 16 nine-month-olds, who had not heard the stories, listened to the two groups of words, they showed no preference for either list. This does not mean that the babies actually understand the meanings of the words, just the sound patterns. It supports the idea that people are born to speak, and have the capacity to learn language from the day they are born. This ability is enhanced if they are involved in conversation. And, significantly, Dr Eliot reminds parents that babies and toddlers need to feel they are communicating. Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage “How babies learn language”? YES if the statement agrees with the information NO if the statement dose not agree with the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 1．From the time of their birth humans seem to have an ability to learn language. 2．According to experts in the 1950s and 1960s, language learning is very similar to the training of animals. 3．Repetition in language learning is important, according to Dr Eliot. 4．Dr Golinkoff is concerned that “baby talk” is spoken too much by some parents. 5．The first word a child learns to recognize is usually “Mummy” or “Daddy”.
问答题
How Babies Learn Language During the first year of a child’s life, parents and careers are concerned with its physical development very carefully. It is interesting just how easily children learn language. Children who are just three or four years old, who cannot yet tie their shoelaces, are able to speak in full sentences without any specific language training. The current view of child language development is that it is an instinct—something as natural as eating or sleeping. According to experts in this area, this language instinct is innate—something each of us is born with. But this prevailing view has not always enjoyed widespread acceptance. In the middle of last century, experts of the time, including a renowned professor at Harvard University in the United States, regarded child language development as the process of learning through mere repetition. Language “habits” developed as young children were they used incorrect forms of language correctly and ignored or punished when they used incorrect forms of language. Over time, a child, according to this theory, would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training. Yet even though the modern view holds that language is instinctive, experts like Assistant Professor Lise Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with its parents and caregivers is crucial to its developments. The language of the parents and caregivers is so important that the child will learn to speak in a manner very similar to the model speakers it hears.Given that the models parents provide are so important, it is interesting to consider the role of “baby talk” in the child’s language development. Baby talk is the language produced by an adult speaker who is trying to exaggerate certain aspects of the language to capture the attention of a young baby. Dr Roberta Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk. Experiment show that immediately after birth babies respond more to infant-directed talk than they do to adult-directed talk. When using baby talk, people exaggerate their facial expressions, which helps the baby to begin to understand what is being communicated. She also notes that the exaggerated nature and repetition of baby talk helps infants to learn the difference between sounds. Since babies have a great deal of information to process, baby talk helps. Although there is concern that baby talk may persist too long, Dr Golinkoff says that it stops being used as the child gets older, that is, when the child is better able to communicate with the parents. Professor Jusczyk has made a particular study of babies’ ability to recognize sounds, and says they recognize the sound of their own names as early as four and a half months. Babies know the meaning of Mummy and Daddy by about six months, which is earlier than was previously believed. By about nine months, babies begin recognizing frequent patterns in language. A baby will listen longer to the sounds that occur frequently, so it is good to frequently call the infant by its name. An experiment at Johns Hopkins University in USA, in which researchers went to the homes of 16 nine-month-olds, confirms this view. The researchers arranged their visits for ten days out of a two-week period. During each visit the researcher played an audio tape that included the same three stories. The stories included odd words such as “python” or “hornbill”, words that were unlikely to be encountered in the babies’ everyday experience. After a couple of weeks during which nothing was done, the babies were brought to the research lab, where they listened to two recorded lists of words. The first list included words heard in the story. The second included similar words, but not the exact ones that were used in the stories. Jusczyk found the babies listened longer to the words that had appeared in the stories, which indicated that the babies had extracted individual words from the story. When a control group of 16 nine-month-olds, who had not heard the stories, listened to the two groups of words, they showed no preference for either list. This does not mean that the babies actually understand the meanings of the words, just the sound patterns. It supports the idea that people are born to speak, and have the capacity to learn language from the day they are born. This ability is enhanced if they are involved in conversation. And, significantly, Dr Eliot reminds parents that babies and toddlers need to feel they are communicating. Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage “How babies learn language”? YES if the statement agrees with the information NO if the statement dose not agree with the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 1．From the time of their birth humans seem to have an ability to learn language. 2．According to experts in the 1950s and 1960s, language learning is very similar to the training of animals. 3．Repetition in language learning is important, according to Dr Eliot. 4．Dr Golinkoff is concerned that “baby talk” is spoken too much by some parents. 5．The first word a child learns to recognize is usually “Mummy” or “Daddy”.
参考解析
解析：
暂无解析
相关考题：
回答下列各题 Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researchers learned that4-day-old could understand 26______and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist Graham Schaferhas discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He foundthat 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to 27______the names of objectsthat were foreign to them, a result that 28______in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learningto29______ things common to their dally lives, children dont begin to build vocabulary until well into theirsecond year. "Its no 30______that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linkedto 31______situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the first demonstration that we can choosewhat words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice 32______in anunfamiliar setting. " Figuring out how humans acquire language may 33______why some children learn to read and writelater than others, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. Whatsmore, the study of language 34______offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test casefor human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should takenote : even without being taught new words, a control group 35______the other infants within a few months."This is not about advancing development," he says. "Its just about what children can do at an earlierage than what educators have often thought. 第(26)题__________
_____answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropological linguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Applied linguistics
共用题干第一篇Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon- ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺 乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一 suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.Snedeker,Geren and Shafto based their study on children who________.A:were finding it difficult to learn EnglishB:were learning English at a later age than US childrenC:had come from a number of language backgroundsD:had taken English lessons in China
共用题干第一篇Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon- ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺 乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一 suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.When the writer says"critical period",he means a period when________.A:studies produce useful resultsB:adults need to be taught like childrenC:language learning takes place effectivelyD:immigrants want to learn another language
共用题干第一篇Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon- ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺 乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一 suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.What does the Harvard finding show?A:Not all toddlers use babytalk.B:Some children need more conversation than others.C:Language learning takes place in ordered steps.D:Not all brains work in the same way.
共用题干第一篇Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon- ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺 乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一 suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.What aspect of the adopted children's language development differed from that of US-born children?A:The rate at which they acquired language.B:Their first words.C:The way they learnt English.D:The point at which they started producing sentences.
共用题干Language and InfantsHow important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.________（48）A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.B:What was missing was good mothering.C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
Scientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have_____21_____that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than we_____22_____before.You can?help your baby by taking advantage of her hunger to learn.From the_____23_____beginning,babies try to imitate the____24______they hear us make.They""read"the_____25_____on our faces and our movements.That is_____26_____it is so important to talk,sing and smile to?your child.Hearing you talk is your baby′s first_____27_____toward becoming a reader,because it_____28_____her?to love language and to learn words.As your child grows older,_____29_____talking with her.Ask her about the things she does.Ask her?about the events and people in the story you_____30_____together.Let her know you are carefully_____31_____what she says.By keeping her in_____32_____and listening,you are_____33_____encouraging your child to think as?she speaks._____34_____,you are showing that you respect her knowledge and her ability to____35______learning.第（24）题答案A.effortsB.facesC.soundsD.stories
Scientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have_____21_____that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than we_____22_____before.You can?help your baby by taking advantage of her hunger to learn.From the_____23_____beginning,babies try to imitate the____24______they hear us make.They""read"the_____25_____on our faces and our movements.That is_____26_____it is so important to talk,sing and smile to?your child.Hearing you talk is your baby′s first_____27_____toward becoming a reader,because it_____28_____her?to love language and to learn words.As your child grows older,_____29_____talking with her.Ask her about the things she does.Ask her?about the events and people in the story you_____30_____together.Let her know you are carefully_____31_____what she says.By keeping her in_____32_____and listening,you are_____33_____encouraging your child to think as?she speaks._____34_____,you are showing that you respect her knowledge and her ability to____35______learning.第（22）题答案A.didB.hoped"C.studiedD.thought
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.So far as language teaching is concerned,the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Compared with adults learning a foreign language,children learn their native language with ease.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.Babies can learn language even in their sleep.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Easy LearningStudents should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've alsomastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.If an adult wants to learn a language faster,he can put a language tape under his pillow.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Adults'knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery（精通）of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this differ- ence?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling（冒泡的）spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan- tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Adults'knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.A对B错
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.
If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.
填空题Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn （）.
问答题Today, thanks to advances in brain research, we know that reading with a child has intellectual, emotional and physical benefits that can enhance the child’s development. The intimacy of sharing books and stories strengthens the emotional bonds between a parent and child, helps a child learn words and concepts, and actually stimulates the growth of a baby’s brain. Scientists have discovered that children whose parents read and talk to them during the first three years of life create a stronger foundation for future reading success.
判断题If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.A对B错