名词解释题种（species）：
名词解释题
种（species）：
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It was not very long () scientists applied the technique to other species. A、whileB、thenC、beforeD、after
An individual bird can ________ the call of its own species. A.indicateB.differC.realizeD.identify
Many species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer _________. A. in practiceB. in existenceC. in commonD. in turn
"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant—may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. " Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as 30%. " Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results. " Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with. " Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A．The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B．The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C．The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D．The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "
Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?A．The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B．They are interbreeding species.C．They are two genetically distant species.D．They depend on each other for survival.
People are confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists ______.A．identified only one mosquito species instead of six speciesB．thought only three mosquito species transmitted diseaseC．thought there was only one mosquito speciesD．did not know what species was being studied
This rare bird has become（）Aan endangered specieBendangered speciesCendangering speciesDan endangered species
单选题It can be learned that the polar bear _____.Awas first considered by Siegel to be the iconic animal in 1998Bwas first proposed by Siegel to be the endangered species in 2004Cwas not qualified scientifically as the endangered species until 2005Dwas not officially under the government protection until 2008
单选题Which of the following can best summarize Sallon’s Plant Project?ADiscovering new species.BProtecting rare species.CRestoring extinct species.DReforming existing species.
单选题Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?ABecause of their characteristics as double organisms, it is difficult to classify lichens.BOver 15,000 varieties of lichens have been identified.CDouble organisms should always be classified as separate species.DTaxonomists always find it difficult to classify new species of plants.
单选题The passage is focused on _____.Ahow the scientists tried to protect endangered speciesBhow the symbolic endangered species has been chosenCthe relation between global warming and endangered speciesDthe problems in and the future of endangered species protection
单选题The purpose of the ashing step in graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spec-troscopy is to（）AVaporize metal atoms to be analyzedBCause the metal species to form carbides which are more volatileCConvert the graphite furnace to ash to avoid carbide formationDBurn off organic species that would interfere with the elemental analysis
单选题This rare bird has become（）Aan endangered specieBendangered speciesCendangering speciesDan endangered species
多选题Which three demonstrate an “is a” relationship？（）Apublic class X { } public class Y extends X { }Bpublic interface Shape { } public interface Rectangle extends Shape{ }Cpublic interface Color { } public class Shape { private Color color； }Dpublic interface Species { } public class Animal { private Species species； }Epublic class Person { } public class Employee { public Employee（Person person） { }Finterface Component { } class Container implements Component { private Component[] children； }
单选题According to lines 50－58 of Passage 2, microevolution ______.Ahas never actually been observed, but is believed to be theoretically possibleBis the series of small changes that transforms one species into anotherClacks evidence, and therefore should not be considered a scientific factDis an evolutionary process involving small changes within a speciesEoccurs wherever there are environmental changes in a species' habitat
多选题Which two demonstrate an “is a” relationship？（）Apublic interface Person { } public class Employee extends Person { }Bpublic interface Shape { } public class Employee extends Shape { }Cpublic interface Color { } public class Employee extends Color { }Dpublic class Species { } public class Animal （private Species species；）Einterface Component { } Class Container implements Component （ Private Component[ ]children； ）
多选题Which the two demonstrate an “is a” relationship？（）Apublic interface Person {} Public class Employee extends Person {}Bpublic interface Shape {} public interface Rectangle extends Shape {}Cpublic interface Color {} public class Shape { private Color color； }Dpublic class Species {} public class Animal { private Species species； }Einterface Component {} Class Container implements Component {private Component [] children；
单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph?ABiologists began to study new species of turtles for Chinese food markets.BBiologists discovered a few rare species of turtles as a result of search previouslyCSome species of turtles will soon be extinct if they are caught and killed at the present speed.DTurtles will soon be a target for rare collectors as dear as pearl and diamond.
单选题The reference to the peppered moth in line 43 is used to ______.Aprovide an example of a species that has been shown to undergo macroevolutionBdemonstrate that many species have undergone the process of microevolutionCprove that all living things descended from a common ancestorDquestion the use of the fossil record to support DarwinismEhighlight the dangers to the environment of pollution from industrial complexes