牵涉痛（referred pain）
牵涉痛（referred pain）
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The human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us aajust to the outside world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a system of nerves, we couldn’t know what’s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain. But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir (苦行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurts a little,” it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensafion, and sensations are the stuff of life. [共5题]1.The human body has developed a system of nerves that enables us to ________.A.stay relaxedB.avoid painC.stand tortureD.feel pain2.What does the writer mean by saying “we pay for our sensitivity” in Para.1?A.We have to take care of our sense of pain.B.We suffer from our sense of feeling.C.We should try hard to resist pain.D.We are hurt when we feel pain.3.When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he shows that ________.A.fakirs possess magic powerB.Indians are not afraid of painC.people can learn to cope with painD.some people are born without a sense of pain4.What is essential for people to stand pain according to the writer?A.Their relaxation.B.Their interest.C.Their nerves.D.Their attitude.5.The author believes that ________.A.feeling pain is part of our lifeB.pain should be avoided at all costsC.feeling pain can be an interesting thingD.magic power is essential for reducing pain
The transference of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as mapping.()
A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain.To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the "needle"— a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因) -that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it' s true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves—and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves— we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain; This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, "This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed,' and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we' can handle the pain without falling apart. After all; although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.26. The passage is mainly about______.A) how to stiffer painB) how to avoid painC) how to handle painD) how to stop pain
The sentence "But we pay for our sensitivity." in the third paragraph implies that______.A) we should pay a debt for, our feelingB) we have to be hurt when We feel somethingC) our pain is worth feelingD) when we feel pain, we are suffering it
The most important thing to handle pain is ______.A) how we look at painB) to feel pain as much as possibleC) to show an interest in painD) to accept the pain reluctantly
The author' s attitude towards pain is ______.A) pessimisticB) optimisticC) radicalD) practical
The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because ________.[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
共用题干Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days offwork.Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en- dorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak- ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos- sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol- lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence," explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干PainAll of us have felt pain.We have cut ourselves.We have been burned.Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely.______(46)Pain can take complete control of our body and mind,making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain.Without it,we would not know if we have hurt ourselves.It is our body's warning system.______(47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor.It is the most common reason we take medicines.Until recently,however,most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains.______(48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better.Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.______(49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain:one very fast,the other slow.The first message is the warning signal.It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second.In less than a second,the brain understands that part of the body is hurt andhow badly it is injured.______(50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.______(48)A:And others have painful attacks all the time.B:These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area , up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain , and back down again.C:It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.D:They knew little about the process of pain itself.E:The other message moves at a g peed of only one meter a second.F:And they send the second,slower message of pain to the brain.
共用题干Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days offwork.Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en- dorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak- ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos- sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol- lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence," explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive,especially in the case of back pain. Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins（内啡肽）,the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as possible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain一 relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day,they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense,and deepthought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long一lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence," explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
The area between（）and（）is now often referred to as the"Silicon Glen".ALondon/South WalesBthe Oxford/the CambridgeCLondon/the CambridgeDGlasgow/Edinburgh
The attitudinal and emotional factors can be expressed in an item of vocabulary. These are often referred to as（）.
下列描述疼痛症状的中英文对照，哪项是错误的（）。A、The pain is constant.——疼痛持续不断B、The pain is moving.——疼痛游走性C、The pain have spreaded to other area.——疼痛放射性D、Is the pain fixed or moving？——疼痛消失了吗？
调用repaint（）方法，会出现什么情况（）A、清除以前pain（）方法所画的内容B、保留原来pain（）所画的内容C、清除pain（）以前所画的内容，再一次调用pain（）方法D、在pain（）以前所画内容基础上，再一次调用pain（）画新的内容
单选题Neither of the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their wounds.Aof the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of their woundsBof the battling rams appeared to feel the pain of its woundsCram, that was battling, appeared to feel the pain of their woundsDram who were battling appeared to feel the pain of its woundsEbattling ram appeared as if to feel the pain of their wounds
单选题Cylinder liner cooling is often referred to as （）.Apiston coolingBsleeve coolingCcentral coolingDjacket cooling
单选题下列描述疼痛症状的中英文对照，哪项是错误的（）。AThe pain is constant.——疼痛持续不断BThe pain is moving.——疼痛游走性CThe pain have spreaded to other area.——疼痛放射性DIs the pain fixed or moving？——疼痛消失了吗？