资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.What does the word "credit" mean in paragraph 3?（ ）A.FaithB.ComplaintC.AccountD.Reputation
资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.
There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.
What does the word "credit" mean in paragraph 3?（ ）
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.
There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.
What does the word "credit" mean in paragraph 3?（ ）
A.Faith
B.Complaint
C.Account
D.Reputation
B.Complaint
C.Account
D.Reputation
参考解析
解析：本题考查的是推理判断
【关键词】"credit"; mean; in paragraph 3
【主题句】第3自然段There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. 有迹象表明，心理学家、社会工作者和家庭专家越来越意识到男性在家庭中扮演的角色，他们认为女性不应该得到所有的荣誉——也不应该接受所有的指责。
【解析】本题的问题是“第3段中的‘credit’一词是什么意思？”。 A选项“信念”；B选项“抱怨”；C选项“账目”；D选项“荣誉”。根据主题句可知， “credit”一词的意思是“荣誉”，故选D。
【关键词】"credit"; mean; in paragraph 3
【主题句】第3自然段There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. 有迹象表明，心理学家、社会工作者和家庭专家越来越意识到男性在家庭中扮演的角色，他们认为女性不应该得到所有的荣誉——也不应该接受所有的指责。
【解析】本题的问题是“第3段中的‘credit’一词是什么意思？”。 A选项“信念”；B选项“抱怨”；C选项“账目”；D选项“荣誉”。根据主题句可知， “credit”一词的意思是“荣誉”，故选D。
相关考题：
Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent，notions of superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality，and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home，the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of sexes”.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly off as before. only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” -but we don't want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism” . What we need，rather，is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists，psychologists，social workers，and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning，however，to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules，because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences，whether it wears skirts or trousers，and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent(与……有关)not only to a healthy family but also to a healthy democracy.Sharing tasks and decisions in a family leads to______.A. monismB. neo-popismC. inequalityD. further sharing
The blended family includes().A、divorced men or womenB、widowed men or womenC、children with the men or womenD、grandparents of the men or women
On small scale charts of ocean areas where hydrographic information is，in many cases，still sparse，charted shoals may be in error as regards______．A.positionB.position，depth and extentC.depth and extentD.position and extent
The Web is a large system of () that offers many kinds of information to anyone on the Internet or to a lesser extent on an inter－／intra－network. A.telnetB.serversC.modemsD.Http
共用题干New Changes in American LifeOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children.______(46)But by the middle of this centu-ry,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American.But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture.______(47)The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices.Taking more interest in childcare,men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives.In fact,some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes.______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people._______(49) Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on"overtime"work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families.Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers.______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women .Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations._______(50)A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.B: Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.
Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?A.Working mothers.B.Childless husbands.C.Childless wives.D.Working fathers.
Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____A.was an unrealistic place for relaxationB.generated more stress than the workplaceC.was an ideal place for stress measurementD.offered greater relaxation than the workplace
Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that____A.they are both bread winners and housewivesB.their home is also a place for kicking backC.there is often much housework left behindD.it is difficult for them to leave their office
Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____A.home is hardly a cozier working environmentB.division of labor at home is seldom clearcutC.household tasks are generally more motivatingD.family labor is often adequately rewarded
资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that______.A.men play in a familyB.women play in a familyC.parents play in bringing up their childrenD.equality plays in a family
资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.From the passage we can infer that______.A.authoritarianism is importantB.neo-popism is unavoidableC.momism is essentialD.cooperation is necessary
资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.According to the passage, we can safely conclude that______.A.authority and democracy are very essential to a healthy familyB.authoritarianism does no good to a healthy familyC.male superiority maintains a healthy familyD.women should be treated equally to men
资料：In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important- and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of momism,-but we don't want to exchange it for neo-popism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions? （ ）A.The manB.The womanC.The childrenD.The psychologist
共用题干第三篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head."Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive（直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or day sand covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and soon.The women,on the other hand,took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So,women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.Women are more likely to useA:the survey method.B:the traditional method.C:the route method.D:the right method.
共用题干New Changes in American LifeOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children.______(46)But by the middle of this centu- ry,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American.But in the l960s a new force developed called the counterculture.______(47)The counterculture presen- ted men and women with new role choices.Taking more interest in childcare,men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives.In fact,some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both se- xes.______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Viet-nam。In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people.______(49) Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families.Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situa-tions to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers.______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women.Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.______(46)A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.B: Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.
共用题干第三篇Two People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation:Dad's driving,Mum's telling him where to go.He's sure that they need to turn left.But she says it's not for another two blocks.Who has the better sense of direction?Men or women.They both do,a new study says,but in different ways.Men and women,Canadian researchers have found,have different methods of finding their way.Men look quickly at landmarks（地标）and head off in what they think is the right direction.Women,however,try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head."Women tend to be more detailed,"said Edward Cornell,who led the study,"while men tend to be a little bit faster and...a little bit more intuitive（直觉感知的）."In fact,said Cornell,"sense of direction"isn't one skill but two.The first is the"survey method".This is when you see an area from above,such as a printed map.You can see,for example,where the hospital is,where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.The second skill is the"route method".This is when you use a series of directions.You start from the hospital,then turn left,turn right,go uphill一and then you see the supermarket.Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.Both work,and neither is better.Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history.They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.In ancient times,young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt.The trip took hours or day sand covered unfamiliar places.The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks一the mountains,the lakes and soon.The women,on the other hand,took young girls out to find fruits and plants.These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths.So,women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.Which works better,the route method or the survey method?A:The survey method.B:The route method.C:Either.D:Neither.
共用题干New Changes in American LifeOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Menworked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked themeals and took care of the home and the children._______(46)But by the middle of this century,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the1960 s a new force developed called the counterculture._______(47)The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare,men began to sharechild-raising tasks with their wives. In fact,some young men and women moved to communalhomes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes._______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Viet-nam。In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people._______(49)Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families .Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers._______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women .Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations._______(49)A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.B:Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A.Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.B.Women stand out at remembering people's names.C.Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.D.Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?A.clouD.B.sheepC.treesD.goose
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills ) , while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline ( 衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g．"object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women.Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average．And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.The author aims to tell us that__________ .A.women's minds perform better than men'sB.men's minds decline more with ageC.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get olderD.a survey on human's mind decline was done recently
单选题The author believes that the solution of family problems _____.Ais best felt in the hands of social workers and specialists on the familyBis similar in all familiesCneeds to be reached by-ways unique to each familyDis not necessary in household where sharing is done
单选题The male workers in the factories demanded ______.Ahigher payBbetter working conditionsCbetter family careDwomen be paid differently with men
填空题The ratio of men to women in a room is 4: 5. If the room contains three more women than men, how many women are in the room?____
单选题Which of the following is the best version of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?His aspiration, to discover where we get our gender identity to see how women are treated for himself.A(As it is now)BHis aspiration was to discover where we get our gender identity from, to see for ourselves how women are treated in our society.CHis aspiration, to discover the roots of gender identity, and to see how women are treated for himself.DHis aspiration was to discover the roots of gender identity and experience firsthand the way women are treated.EHis aspiration was to discover the roots of gender identity and to personally experience the treatment of women by men.
单选题What changes did the emergence of factories have on the family?AIt separated men from women in the family.BWomen had to work alongside their husbands in factories.CWomen had to leave home to work in factories.DMen had lost their dominating role in the family.
问答题Passage 2Parenting and Responsibility Section A There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform and the responsibilities they take. Yet, at least in developed Western countries, both women and men express a desire for greater equality in family life. It is evident that in terms of attitudes and beliefs, the problem cannot simply be thought of in terms of women wanting men to share more equally and men being reluctant to do so. The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. These are becoming key concerns of researchers, policy makers, community workers and, more importantly, family members themselves. Section B Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labor for family work are very rigid indeed (Watson 1991). In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 per cent of child care tasks and 70 percent of all family work, and only 14 per cent of fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work (Russell 1983). Demo and Acock (1993), in a recent US study, also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labor (68per cent to 95 per cent) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step-family or never married), regardless of whether they are employed or non-employed in paid work. Section C Divisions of labor for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dual-worker families). Employed mothers adjust their jobs and personal lives to accommodate family commitments more than employed fathers do. Mothers are less likely to work overtime and are more likely to take time off work to attend to children’s needs (Vanden Heuvel 1993). Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment (Demo and Acock 1993). Section D The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in child care (Vanden Heuvel 1993). Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90 per cent of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in child care, yet 55 per cent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this. (These claims are despite the findings mentioned earlier that point to a much lower participation rate by fathers.) A mother’s wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than the actual time spent by fathers in these tasks (Demo and Acock 1993). It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families that bring about stress in the female parent. Section E Family therapists and social work researchers are increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and support from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems (Edgar and Glezer 1986). Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes. Section F Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children-fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell 1984).List of Headings i Compromise between two extreme styles ii An opposite standpoint from a new angle iii Factors that influence the change of gender role iv Stereotyped activities in a family v Conventional family pattern vi Primary child care-giver vii Three different types of household labor division viii Effects of personality on division adoption ix An even distribution of domestic tasks x Definition of domestic division of labor Example Answer Paragraph A. x 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D Example Answer Paragraph E i 4. Paragraph F 5. Paragraph G 6. Paragraph H
单选题Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AThe division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.BWomen’s roles in work are too limited at present.CIn one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.DSome of the women’s roles in domestic duties cannot be taken over by men.
单选题According to the passage, notions of male superiority are _____.Anot maintained by most American womenBdifficult to maintain in a home where the woman does most of the workCcompletely alien to American mothers and fathersDdifficult to maintain in a home where household tasks are shared by the mother and father