问答题Although there is disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of global warming, humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger it poses .As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use of natural resources. On the governmental level, most of the world’s industrialized nations have pledged to cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Agreement in 1997.
问答题
Although there is disagreement within the scientific community about the extent of global warming, humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger it poses .As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use of natural resources. On the governmental level, most of the world’s industrialized nations have pledged to cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Agreement in 1997.
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Passage ThreeHow can we get rid of garbage.9 Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the time it can save the land to hold garbage.For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source. Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.44. What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?A. The shortage of energy and air pollution.B. The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage.C. Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel.D. Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage.
What can we do for the case?_________ A.We would condult our lawyerB.The case is difficultC.I don't care about it
What can we do for the case?____________ A.I don't care about itB.The case is difficultC.We would consult our layer
We were challenged to make ________ publicly about things we would like to change in our lives.A commitmentsB commissionsC contributionsD dedications
Not only ______ our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.A：we lostB：lost weC：we did loseD：did we lose
We would like to quote you our most favorable price()800 pieces Electric Blankets (). A、of⋯as followsB、at⋯as followingC、for⋯as followsD、with⋯as followed
Passage FourHow can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?These are two important questions that many people are asking today．Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time,They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage．For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land．Now,empty land is scarce．But more and more garbage is produced each year．However,garbage can be a good fuel to use．The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas;but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels．As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source．Burning garbage is not a new idea．Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years．The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water．The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby,buildings．In Paris,France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year．The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil．Our fossil fuel supplies are limited．Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs．This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth．The best title for the passage may be______A.Garbage and the EarthB.Fossil Fuel and GarbageC.Land and GarbageD.Garbage?Energy Source
Passage FourHow can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?These are two important questions that many people are asking today．Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time,They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage．For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land．Now,empty land is scarce．But more and more garbage is produced each year．However,garbage can be a good fuel to use．The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas;but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels．As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source．Burning garbage is not a new idea．Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years．The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water．The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby,buildings．In Paris,France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year．The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil．Our fossil fuel supplies are limited．Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs．This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth．According to the passage,using garbage is______A.for heating in France each yearB.a new way in a modern societyC.a good way to solve the problem of energy shortageD.too expensive as an energy source
Passage FourHow can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?These are two important questions that many people are asking today．Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time,They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage．For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land．Now,empty land is scarce．But more and more garbage is produced each year．However,garbage can be a good fuel to use．The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas;but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels．As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source．Burning garbage is not a new idea．Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years．The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water．The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby,buildings．In Paris,France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year．The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil．Our fossil fuel supplies are limited．Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs．This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth．What is the author's attitude?A.DelighteB.SadC.Agree inD.Disagree in
Passage FourHow can we get rid of garbage?Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?These are two important questions that many people are asking today．Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time,They suggest using garbage as an energy source,and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage．For a long time,people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land．Now,empty land is scarce．But more and more garbage is produced each year．However,garbage can be a good fuel to use．The things in garbage do not look like coal,petroleum,or natural gas;but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels．As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies,we might be able to use garbage as an energy source．Burning garbage is not a new idea．Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years．The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water．The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby,buildings．In Paris,France,some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year．The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil．Our fossil fuel supplies are limited．Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs．This method could also reduce the amount if garbage piling up on the earth．What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?A.The shortage of energy and air pollutioB.The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbagC.Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fueD.Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbag
Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_____A.trust our first impressionB.do as people usually doC.think before we actD.ask for expert advice
Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on_____A.critical assessmentB.“thin sliced”studyC.sensible explanationD.adequate information
Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.Our reaction to a fastfood logo shows that snap decisions_____A.can be associativeB.are not unconsciousC.can be dangerousD.are not impulsive
Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.The time needed in making decisions may_____A.vary according to the urgency of the situationB.prove the complexity of our brain reactionC.depend on the importance of the assessmentD.predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.What can be inferred from Para.5?A.Morpholoical and genetic studies helped scientists to trace unknown common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.B.Morphological and genetic studies determined exact species of common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.C.Genetic studies found hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from unknown common ancestor to modern humans.D.Morphological studies helped finding the famous East African fossils and set up an milestone in this field.
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.It can be inferred in Para.1 that taking example of tracting electric hybrid is to illustrate that.A.how technological development over a few centuries developed.B.how the plans，prototypes and models of electric hybrid developed.C.how to trace family tree is much the same way astracing electric hybrid.D.why humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult.
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.How would people probably trace a family tree，based on Para.2？A.methods of genealogy.B.methods of archaeology linguistics.C.methods of anthropology.D.methods of primatology.
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.Which statement is true，based on Para.3?A.Hominid and panin were humans ancestors 5.4 million years ago.B.Chimpanzees existed at a branch of phylogenetic tree are called “hominid”.C.Humans on phylogenetic tree analysis are supposed to be called “panin.”D.Scientists think humans and Chimpanzees converged from a common ancestor，based on phylogenetic tree analysis.
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.What does the underlined word “bipedalism”refer to in Para.5?A.Hominid and panin.B.Chimps and humans.C.Walking on two legs.D.Morphological and genetic studies.
单选题Passage 1Scientistshave found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take amoment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snapdecisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whethersomeone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react veryquickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. Toaccurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least aminute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects ofpersonality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.Butsnap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonalrealm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-foodlogo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, eventhough reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fastfood with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever elsewe're doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musicalpiece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse suchinfluences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housingoptions when we see a happy face (onereason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are morelikely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understandtheir biases-or hire outside screeners. John Gottman,the marriage expert, explains that we quickly thin slice information reliably only after we ground suchsnap reactions in thicksliced long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invitesthem to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not twoseconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactionsby pausing is what differentiates us from animals dogs can think about thefuture only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spentabout 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have theimaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should______ .Atrust our first impressionBdo as people usually doCthink before we actDask for expert advice
单选题Passage 1Scientistshave found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take amoment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snapdecisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whethersomeone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react veryquickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. Toaccurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least aminute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects ofpersonality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.Butsnap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonalrealm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-foodlogo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, eventhough reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fastfood with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever elsewe're doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musicalpiece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse suchinfluences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housingoptions when we see a happy face (onereason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are morelikely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understandtheir biases-or hire outside screeners. John Gottman,the marriage expert, explains that we quickly thin slice information reliably only after we ground suchsnap reactions in thicksliced long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invitesthem to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not twoseconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactionsby pausing is what differentiates us from animals dogs can think about thefuture only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spentabout 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have theimaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.The time needed in making decisions may_______.Avary according to the urgency of the situationBprove the complexity of our brain reactionCdepend on the importance of the assessmentDpredetermine the accuracy of our judgment
单选题It can be inferred from the passage that_____.Athe developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionBa third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphereCthe world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse-gas emissionsDfuture prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels
问答题Not so long ago, people talked about global warming in apocalyptic terms—imagining the Statue of Liberty up to its chin in water or an onslaught of tropical diseases in Oslo. Recently, however, advances in our understanding of climate have moved global warming from a subject for a summer disaster movie to a serious but manageable scientific and policy issue. The greenhouse effect is nothing new; it has been operating ever since the earth formed. Without it, the surface of the globe would be a frigid –20 ℃ (–4 °F), the oceans would have frozen, and no life would have developed.
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions，if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react，we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick，hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous，our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly，within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable，studies show，we need at least a minute，preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality，like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the mterpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster，even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses mto whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling)，we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants，we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman，the marriage expert，explains that we quicklythin slice information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions inthick sliced long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together，he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days，not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from arumals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react，it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.The time needed in making decisions may ____.Avary according to the urgency of the situationBprove the complexity of our brain reactionCdepend on the importance of the assessmentDpredetermine the accuracy of our judgment
单选题Passage 1Scientistshave found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take amoment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snapdecisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whethersomeone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react veryquickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. Toaccurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least aminute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects ofpersonality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.Butsnap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonalrealm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-foodlogo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, eventhough reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fastfood with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever elsewe're doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musicalpiece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse suchinfluences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housingoptions when we see a happy face (onereason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are morelikely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understandtheir biases-or hire outside screeners. John Gottman,the marriage expert, explains that we quickly thin slice information reliably only after we ground suchsnap reactions in thicksliced long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invitesthem to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not twoseconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactionsby pausing is what differentiates us from animals dogs can think about thefuture only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spentabout 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have theimaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions______.Acan be associativeBare not unconsciousCcan be dangerousDare not impulsive
单选题请阅读 Passage 2，完成第 26~30小题。Passage 2Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions，if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react，we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick，hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous，our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly，within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable，studies show，we need at least a minute，preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality，like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the mterpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster，even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses mto whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling)，we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants，we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman，the marriage expert，explains that we quickly"thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in"thick sliced" long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together，he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days，not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from arumals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react，it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions，we should ____.Atrust our first impressionBdo as people usually doCthink before we actDask for expert advice
单选题What do we learn from the last paragraph?AIf we focus our attention on the thing, we might forget another.BMemory depends to a certain extent on the environment.CRepetition helps improve our memory.DIt we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.