单选题According to Karen Norberg, ______.Aamong children born out of wedlock there were more girls than boys.Bthe chance of a woman giving birth to a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived.Cfor parents who were not cohabiting, boys were born 51.5% of the time.Dwomen who have not been living with a man are more likely to have daughters.
单选题
According to Karen Norberg, ______.
A
among children born out of wedlock there were more girls than boys.
B
the chance of a woman giving birth to a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived.
C
for parents who were not cohabiting, boys were born 51.5% of the time.
D
women who have not been living with a man are more likely to have daughters.
参考解析
解析：
录音中Karen Norberg在研究中发现“the chance of a woman giving birth to a boy rather than a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived”，可见在他看来一个女人在怀孩子之前与一个男人一起生活那么她生男孩的几率就相对较大，因此选项D的推断正确。
【录音原文】
Can household arrangements affect the human sex ratio? According to Karen Norberg, of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, they can. In a review of data from almost 60, 000 American families, Dr Norberg found that the chance of a woman giving birth to a boy rather than a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived. To be specific, for parents who were living together, boys were born 51.5% of the time, while when the parents were not cohabiting only 49.9% of births were male. This difference may seem small, but statistically it is highly significant, which suggests it is the result of evolution.
录音中Karen Norberg在研究中发现“the chance of a woman giving birth to a boy rather than a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived”，可见在他看来一个女人在怀孩子之前与一个男人一起生活那么她生男孩的几率就相对较大，因此选项D的推断正确。
【录音原文】
Can household arrangements affect the human sex ratio? According to Karen Norberg, of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, they can. In a review of data from almost 60, 000 American families, Dr Norberg found that the chance of a woman giving birth to a boy rather than a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived. To be specific, for parents who were living together, boys were born 51.5% of the time, while when the parents were not cohabiting only 49.9% of births were male. This difference may seem small, but statistically it is highly significant, which suggests it is the result of evolution.
相关考题：
The Extended FamilyMrs Sharp, a large, red-faced woman in her late sixties, has lived in Greenleas, a 'new town' in the countryside outside London, since 1958. Before that she lived in Bethnal Green, an area of inner London. She was moved to Greenleas by the local authorities when her old house was demolished.She came from a large family with six girls and two boys, and she grew up among brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, grandparents and cousins. When she married her boyfriend from school at eighteen, they went on living with her parents, and her first child was brought up more by her mother than by herself, because she always worked.As the family grew, they moved out of their parents' house to a flat. It was in the next street, and their life was still that of the extended family. "All my family used to live around Denby Street," said Mrs Sharp, "and we were always in and out of each other's houses." When she went to the shops, she used to call in on her mother to see if she wanted anything. Every day she would visit one sister or another and see a nephew or niece at the corner shop or in the market."You always knew 90% of the people you saw in the street everyday, either they were related to you or you were at school with them," she said.When her babies were born (she had two sons and a daughter), she said, "All my sisters and neighbours would help – they used to come and make a cup of tea, or help in some other way." And every Saturday night there was a family party. It was at Mrs Sharp's mother's house. "Of course we all know each other very well. You have to learn to get on with each other. I had one neighbour who was always poking her nose into our business. She was forever asking questions and gossiping. But you had to put up with everyone, whatever they were like."1.Why did Mrs. Sharp have to move to Greenleas? ()A.Because she had to work there.B.Because she didn’t like the old place at all.C.Because her house in the downtown area was knocked down.2.When she got married, she lived ______.A.together with her parents all the timeB.together with her parents for some timeC.far away from her parents’ house3.Why did she know so many people? ()A.Because she was easy going.B.Because they were either her relatives or schoolmates.C.Because she was good at making friends with people.4.The sentence “I had one neighbour who was always poking her nose into our business.” in the last Para. means ______.A.I had one neighbour who was always warm-hearted.B.I had one neighbour who was always ready to help us.C.I had one neighbour who always showed her interests in our private affairs.5.What does this passage mainly deal with? ()A.What the extended family is like.B.The relationship between Mrs Sharp and her neighbour.C.How Mrs Sharp brings her children up.
There have been changes in all sorts of different areas of British society.In recent years in the UK we have had a very large increase in the number of couples who get divorcedAfter 1969 and the Divorce Law Reform. Act we had a very rapid increase in the number of divorces.The rate increased steadily and in recent years has increased much more rapidly.But thereare also quite a lot of people who do actually get married.At present the marriage rate in the UK is about 70 per cent, which has gone down since the number of people who marry has gone down qui te a lot in the last 20 years, but more significantly in the last 10 years.Quite high proportions of people now live together without marrying, and, for example, 40 per cent of children born in the UK are born to couples who arent marriedor are born to lone parents.There are quite a large number of lone parent families, 90 per cent of these are headed by a woman rather than a manThe average family size now in the UK is 1.8 children per couple, whichMeans that there’s been quite a decline in the birth rate in the UK along with other European countries.21.What does the passage mainly discuss?()A.The declining divorce rate in the UK.B.Trends in marriage and divorce in the UK.C.The increasing divorce rate in the UK.22.During the last ten years,（）A.the marriage rate has gone down more rapidly in the UKB.the marriage rate has gone up a lot in the UKC.40% of children were born to unwed couples in the UK23.According to the passage, the cohabitation rate in the UK tends to ___A.declineB.soarC.stay stable24.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The highest divorce rate was around 1969.B.The marriage rate has gone down in recent years.C.The marriage rate is currently 70 percent.25.The last paragraph tells us（）A.the birth rate in the UK is increasing at the momentB.the birth rate in other European countries keeps increasingC.the birth rate in the UK is decreasing rapidly now
A new scheme for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England． This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children's safety on the roads．Until now the Country Council has only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed． Now it has been decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport they will be prepared to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school．The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington school． The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school． But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school's headmaster．Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part in． Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a council official has said the cost of parents should be less than $6．50 a tenn．They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington． The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children． The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme．Taking part in the Council's trial schemes are children who__________．A.living in Milton and go to Impington schoolB.living in Impington and go to Milton schoolC.living in Milton and go to Milton schoolD.living in Impington and go to Impington school
A new scheme for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England． This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children's safety on the roads．Until now the Country Council has only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed． Now it has been decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport they will be prepared to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school．The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington school． The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school． But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school's headmaster．Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part in． Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a council official has said the cost of parents should be less than $6．50 a tenn．They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington． The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children． The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme．The new bus service will run__________．A.on morning journeys to school onlyB.in connection with an existing serviceC.only for children living more than three miles awayD.only in wet weather
A new scheme for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England． This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children's safety on the roads．Until now the Country Council has only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed． Now it has been decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport they will be prepared to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school．The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington school． The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school． But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school's headmaster．Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part in． Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a council official has said the cost of parents should be less than $6．50 a tenn．They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington． The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children． The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme．The children the Council ran buses for in the past were those__________．A.whose parents were worried about themB.who would have had to walk otherwiseC.who could not walkD.who had to travel a long way
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．According to the passage, the average I．Q． is__________．A.85B.100C.110D.125
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．?The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________．A.human brains differ considerablyB.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．This selection can best be titled__________．A.Measuring Your IntelligenceB.Intelligence and EnvironmentC.The Case of Peter and MarkD.How the Brain Influences Intelligence
A new scheme for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England． This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children's safety on the roads．Until now the Country Council has only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed． Now it has been decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport they will be prepared to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school．The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington school． The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school． But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school's headmaster．Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part in． Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a council official has said the cost of parents should be less than $6．50 a tenn．They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington． The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children． The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme．?The parents the Council is now going to contact are those__________．A.who had not yet answered lettersB.who didn't want to payC.whose children stayed away from schoolD.who had asked about transport before
Beauty has always been regarded as something praise worthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine (有男子气概的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is true even in politics. ′When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,′ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. The author writes this passage to ____________.A.give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveB.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveC.demand equal rights for womenD.state the importance of appearance
Beauty has always been regarded as something praise worthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine (有男子气概的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is true even in politics. ′When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,′ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. It can be inferred from the passage that people′ s views on beauty are often ____________.A.practicalB.supportiveC.old-fashionedD.one-sided
Beauty has always been regarded as something praise worthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine (有男子气概的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is true even in politics. ′When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,′ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness___________.A.makes women look more honest and capableB.strengthens the feminine qualities requiredC.is of primary importance to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly
Beauty has always been regarded as something praise worthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were thought as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine (有男子气概的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is true even in politics. ′When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,′ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. Bowman′ s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ____________.A.turns out to be an obstacle to menB.is more of an obstacle than an advantage to womenC.affects men and women alikeD.has as little effect on men as on women
共用题干The Differences Among Various Types of AdoptionIn the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them._________(60)A:make B:putC:change D:set
Text 2 Far from joining the labour force,women have been falling away at an alarming pace.The female employment rate in India,counting both the formal and informal economy,has tumbled from an already-low 35%in 2005 to just 26%now.Yet nearly 1Om fewer women are in jobs.A rise in female employment rates to the male level would provide India with an extra 235m workers,more than the EU has of either gender,and more than enough to fill all the factories in the rest ofAsia.Imagine the repercussions.Were India to rebalance its workforce in this way,the IMF estimates,the world's biggest democracy would be 27%richer.Its people would be well on their way to middle-income status.Beyond the obvious economic benelits are the incalculable human ones.Women who work are likelier to invest more in their children's upbringing,and to have more say over how they lead their lives.Social mores are startlingly conservative.A girl's first task is to persuade her own family that she should have a job.The in-laws she will typically move in with after marriage are even more likely to yank her out of the workforce and into social isolation.In a survey in 2012,84%of Indians agreed that men have more right to work than women when jobs are scarce.Men have taken 90%of the 36m additional jobs in industry India has created since 2005.And those who say that women themselves prefer not to work must contend with plenty of counter-evidence.Census data suggest that a third of stay-at-home women would WOfk ifjobs were available;govemment make-work schemes attract more women than men.What can be done?Many of the standard answers fall short.Promoting education,a time-tested development strategy,may not succeed.Figures show that the more schooling an Indian woman receives,the less likely she is to work,at least if she has anything less than a university degree.Likewise urbanization,another familiar way to alleviate poverty:city-dwelling women are half as likely as rural ones to have a job.An optimist might argue that more women are not working because India is still paying for the sins of the past,when so many of them were illiterate and high fertility rates bound them to the home.Most measures of female welfare are improving.India has many more girls in classrooms and fewer child brides than it once did.In fact,many fear that all that extra schooling was a parental ploy to improve a daughter's prospects not in the labour market but in the arranged-marriage market,part of the all-important quest to snag a suitable boy.A further push is needed to get Indian women what they really need:a suitable job.Better education may not function because_____A.higher educated women are reluctant to workB.higher education is not equal to higher possibility of workC.women living in rural are less likely to join workD.higher education failed to stand the test oftime
Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_____A.give their parents some free timeB.make their parents more creativeC.help them with their homeworkD.help them become more attentive
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.” Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.” Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.”A majority of parents of babies know little about child development.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.” Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.”The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干One-third of Parents Lack Facts about Child DevelopmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,in-cluding basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act,a new study finds.For instance,the study found that many parents don't know that 1 -year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong,and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children.The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young chil-dren,said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis,a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Med- ical Center in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this de-velopment,and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.”Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents—98 .6 percent of whom were mothers—of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies.As part of the survey,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their chil- dren,and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions .Even when the researchers ad-justed the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income,those parents were still less likely to enjoy“healthy interactions”with their children.A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems,Para- dis said. For example,she said,a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment,even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.“A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant,and could respond with harsh discipline,withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,”Paradis said.“That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development.” The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu.One solution,Paradis said,is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents.“By improving knowledge of child development among all parents,not just those who are at highest risk,there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,”she said.“It can ul-timately lead to better parenting.”Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved.A: RightB:wrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Losing WeightGirls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food,a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights,nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the tender age of 10,nearly 32 percent of girls felt"too fat"and 3 1 percent said they were trying to diet.McVey,a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003,reporting their findings in Tuesday's issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios.Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight,though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting.Still,a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder."We're not talking about kids who've been prescribed a diet because they're above average weight or overweight. We're talking about children who are within a healthy weight range.And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight,"McVey said,acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task,with no easy solutions. The survey participants were girls______.A: who were 10B: who were 14C: who were 10 to 14D: who were 10 to 18
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises (出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is （）.A、in a realistic settingB、heard for the first timeC、repeated too oftenD、told in a different way
单选题According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _____.Athe poverty rate was lowerBaverage living standards were higherCthe average worker was paid higher wagesDthe poor used to rely on government aid
单选题According to Karen Norberg, ______.Aamong children born out of wedlock there were more girls than boys.Bthe chance of a woman giving birth to a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived.Cfor parents who were not cohabiting, boys were born 51.5% of the time.Dwomen who have not been living with a man are more likely to have daughters.
单选题We are told that in a family in about 1900_______.Aseven or eight children lived to be more than tenBfew children died before they were fiveCthe youngest child would be fifteenDfour or five children died when they were five
单选题Passage1Children who spend more than two hours a day at a computer or watching television are more likely than others to have mental problems，scientists say.Researchers found that 11-year-olds who spent several hours in front of a screen each day did worse on mental health tests，no matter how much physical exercise they got. The University of Bristol study，published in Pediatrics，involved more than 1，000 children aged about 10.They also had the kids fill out questionnaires designed to gauge the kids' emotional well-being and behavior.The questionnaires contained 20 questions covering five sections-emotional difficulties，conduct problems，hyperactivity or inattention，friendships and peer groups and problems relating to friends and peer groups.The study found no direct evidence that sitting in front of a screen actually causes mental health problems. Instead，it suggests that children with difficulties，such as extreme shyness，are more likely to choose TV or computer games than sociable activities. In the study，children were asked whether they agreed，disagreed or somewhat agree with a list of statements，including，I generally play alone or keep to myself and，I am often unhappy or tearful.They were also asked how much exercise they took and how long they spent at a TV or computer screen.According to the study，children who spent more than two hours a day at a screen had a 60% higher risk of mental problems than children who spent fewer viewing hours. The risk was only slightly higher in children who did little or no exercise.Physical activity is good for health in many ways，but it can't make up for long hours of screen viewing. Parents should consider limiting their children's screen viewing to no more than 2 hours a day，”said the study organizer，Angie Page.Previous studies have raised concerns that watching too much television can affect children's behavior in later life. A Canadian study found that those who watched most TV as young children performed worse at school, ate more junk food and had more trouble concentrating.How did the researchers carry out the study?ABy reviewing children's records online.BBy interviewing children's parents.CBy watching children in their home.DBy asking children questions.