问答题Passage 1 IF VITAMIN C is good for you, does more mean better? Millions of people think so but scientists have been divided on the issue. Despite a huge research effort, there is little evidence that megadoses of vitamin C, up to 100 times the recommended daily amounts, have beneficial effects. Now an American scientist has come up with an explanation of the lack of effect—and a simple remedy. Millions of Americans take supplements of the vitamin in the belief that its anti-oxidant properties help prevent heart disease, cancer and the ageing process. Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan: the body cannot deal with excess vitamin C, which is rapidly excreted. Even large doses are eliminated in 12 hours and slow-release ones in 16. The way to keep blood levels of the vitamin continuously high, according to Roc Ordman, Professor of Biochemistry at Beloit College, Wisconsin, is to take it twice a day—one 500 milligram does every 12 hours. “If vitamin C really does work as an antioxidant, then taking a supplement once a day might be like wearing a condom half the time.” Professor Ordman said. “Nobody has ever thought to look at how much you have to take to keep the level elevated.” In a study published in the current issue of the gerontology journal Age, Professor Ordman gave varying doses of vitamin C at different times to students and measured the amount excreted in their urine. He found a 500 mg dose was needed every 12 hours “to enrich the blood just enough to ensure there is a little bit leaking out all the time.” This compares with the US-recommended adult daily allowance of 60 mgs. Recommended levels of vitamin C, and other vitamins, have been raised following recognition of their role in mopping up “free radicals” in the blood linked with a range of diseases. However, the British figure of 40 mgs daily for vitamin C is still below the U.S. figure and likely to be raised again. Research on megadoses of vitamin C of 10 and 20 times this level have shown it to have some protective effect against the common cold taken at the first sign. But there is no evidence of a beneficial effect against other diseases of doses vastly higher than the recommended daily amounts. LINUS PAULING, the Nobel Laureate, whose book on vitamin C and the common cold in 1970 popularised the idea of taking fistfuls of supplements, is said to have swallowed 10,000 mgs a day. It is because it is water-soluble and quickly excreted that vitamin C is safe in such quantities; it does not build up in the tissues. Professor Ordman’s twice-daily regime may help keep blood levels of the vitamin high. But dosing on the scale followed by Pauling, who died last August aged 93, will seriously damage your bank balance—at $ 2,500 a year. 1. What do you know about Professor Ordman’s view towards vitamin C from the passage? 2. Why was the Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling mentioned in the passage? 3. Explain in your town words the sentence from paragraph 2 “Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan”. 4. What is concluded about effects of megadoses of vitamin C in the passage?
问答题
Passage 1 IF VITAMIN C is good for you, does more mean better? Millions of people think so but scientists have been divided on the issue. Despite a huge research effort, there is little evidence that megadoses of vitamin C, up to 100 times the recommended daily amounts, have beneficial effects. Now an American scientist has come up with an explanation of the lack of effect—and a simple remedy. Millions of Americans take supplements of the vitamin in the belief that its anti-oxidant properties help prevent heart disease, cancer and the ageing process. Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan: the body cannot deal with excess vitamin C, which is rapidly excreted. Even large doses are eliminated in 12 hours and slow-release ones in 16. The way to keep blood levels of the vitamin continuously high, according to Roc Ordman, Professor of Biochemistry at Beloit College, Wisconsin, is to take it twice a day—one 500 milligram does every 12 hours. “If vitamin C really does work as an antioxidant, then taking a supplement once a day might be like wearing a condom half the time.” Professor Ordman said. “Nobody has ever thought to look at how much you have to take to keep the level elevated.” In a study published in the current issue of the gerontology journal Age, Professor Ordman gave varying doses of vitamin C at different times to students and measured the amount excreted in their urine. He found a 500 mg dose was needed every 12 hours “to enrich the blood just enough to ensure there is a little bit leaking out all the time.” This compares with the US-recommended adult daily allowance of 60 mgs. Recommended levels of vitamin C, and other vitamins, have been raised following recognition of their role in mopping up “free radicals” in the blood linked with a range of diseases. However, the British figure of 40 mgs daily for vitamin C is still below the U.S. figure and likely to be raised again. Research on megadoses of vitamin C of 10 and 20 times this level have shown it to have some protective effect against the common cold taken at the first sign. But there is no evidence of a beneficial effect against other diseases of doses vastly higher than the recommended daily amounts. LINUS PAULING, the Nobel Laureate, whose book on vitamin C and the common cold in 1970 popularised the idea of taking fistfuls of supplements, is said to have swallowed 10,000 mgs a day. It is because it is water-soluble and quickly excreted that vitamin C is safe in such quantities; it does not build up in the tissues. Professor Ordman’s twice-daily regime may help keep blood levels of the vitamin high. But dosing on the scale followed by Pauling, who died last August aged 93, will seriously damage your bank balance—at $ 2,500 a year. 1. What do you know about Professor Ordman’s view towards vitamin C from the passage? 2. Why was the Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling mentioned in the passage? 3. Explain in your town words the sentence from paragraph 2 “Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan”. 4. What is concluded about effects of megadoses of vitamin C in the passage?
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Everyone needs friends, and if you fail to make friends, you should examine yourself and see if there is something wrong with your personality.Maybe you have social faults such as snobbishness, talkativeness, using slang, etc., which drive away your new acquaintances. Whatever your social faults may be, look at them honestly, and make a real effort to correct them.To be friendly you must feel friendly. Cheerfulness is the basis of friendliness. A cheerful person smiles. A smile is a magnet which draws people. Smile at someone and you are almost sure to get a smile in return.A friendly person does his best to make a stranger feel at home, wherever he happens to be. Put yourself in the other fellow's place and make him feel welcome.Try to remember names. It makes your new acquaintances feel happy when you call them by their names. It gives them the feeling that they have made an impression on you and that must mean something to them because you remember them.If you do not agree with other people on a certain matter, you should appear to be friendly. Do not argue, but discuss. You always lose friends if you argue too much.A friendly person thinks of others, and does not insist on his own “rights”. People who refuse to consider others have few friends.Finally, don't treat people only according to their social position. Really friendly people respect everyone at all times.(1)Those who fail to make friends may ______.A、discuss with others rather than argue with othersB、remember the names of new acquaintancesC、insist on his own rights and fail to stand in others' shoesD、make a stranger feel at home(2)What does the word “magnet” mean in the third paragraph?A、brushB、sth. beautifulC、signD、sth. attractive(3)What can we infer from this passage?A、Others will smile at you if you smile at them.B、If you respect people no matter who they are, you'll make more friends.C、Snobbishness, talkativeness and using slang are some social faults.D、None of the above.(4)According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?A、Making friends has sth. to do with your personality.B、Cheerful smiles can make you friendly in others' eyes.C、Friendly people will treat others according to their social position.D、Thinking of others can bring you more friends.(5)The purpose of the passage is ________.A、how to correct social faultsB、how to build good personalityC、how to feel at home with strangersD、how to make friends
The ______ we have seen so far suggests that lack of vitamin C may indeed be the cause of his illness. A. shadowB. activityC. subjectD. evidence
194. Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfasts at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Amold Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.” Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Emesto Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.” [共5题](1) The latest year for which figures could be obtained is ________.(A) the year the author wrote the article(B) any year between 1977 and 1983(C) 1977(D) 1983(2) For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that ________.(A) several studies have been done in the past few years(B) the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health(C) adults have especially made studies in this field(D) eating little in the morning is good for health(3) “…, nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” (in Para.3 ) means ________.(A) anyone without breakfast does improve his performance(B) not giving people breakfast improves performance(C) having breakfast does not improve performance, either(D) people having breakfast do improve their performances, too(4) The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to ________.(A) stories, poems, plays, etc.(B) written works on a particular subject(C) any printed material(D) the modern literature of America(5) What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.(A) not eating breakfast might affect the health of children(B) Dr. Polite is engaged in research work at an institution of higher learning(C) breakfast does not affect performance(D) Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London
With a little more patience, you () the job better.A、could doB、would doC、could have doneD、must have done
－ Would you please let me know something more about the project －() A、OK, I have divided my report into three parts, the first part is an overview of the project.B、OK, the project is perfect.C、No, the project isn’t so good.
共用题干Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy?Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers.Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It also is in the yellow part of eggs.Sweet potatoes,carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-one changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly.Without it,we would be weak and would not grow.Vitamin B-one is found not just in whole grains like brown rice,but also in other foods.These include beans and peas,nuts,and meat and fish.Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic acid（叶酸）can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells.Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like legumes and citrus fruits.In some countries,it is added to products like bread.Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood passages.It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus（柑橘类）fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood.Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.It also is needed to build strong bones.Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Vitamin K can be found in pork products,liver and in vegetables like cabbage,kale and spinach. In most countries,vitamin B-twelve is added to products like bread.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy?Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers.Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It also is in the yellow part of eggs.Sweet potatoes,carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-one changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly.Without it,we would be weak and would not grow.Vitamin B-one is found not just in whole grains like brown rice,but also in other foods.These include beans and peas,nuts,and meat and fish.Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic acid（叶酸）can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells.Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like legumes and citrus fruits.In some countries,it is added to products like bread.Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood passages.It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus（柑橘类）fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood.Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.It also is needed to build strong bones.Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Vitamin K can be found in pork products,liver and in vegetables like cabbage,kale and spinach. The more Vitamins we have,the more healthy we will be.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Both genes and diets affects people's look.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.The passage primarily tells us how to lose weight so as to improve one's appearance.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.The longer vegetables cook,the greater vitamin C remains.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy?Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers.Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It also is in the yellow part of eggs.Sweet potatoes,carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-one changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly.Without it,we would be weak and would not grow.Vitamin B-one is found not just in whole grains like brown rice,but also in other foods.These include beans and peas,nuts,and meat and fish.Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic acid（叶酸）can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells.Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like legumes and citrus fruits.In some countries,it is added to products like bread.Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood passages.It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus（柑橘类）fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood.Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.It also is needed to build strong bones.Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Vitamin K can be found in pork products,liver and in vegetables like cabbage,kale and spinach. Fish liver oil contains vitamin A and vitamin D.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy?Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers.Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry.People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness.Vitamin A is found in fish liver oil.It also is in the yellow part of eggs.Sweet potatoes,carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-one changes starchy（含淀粉的）foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly.Without it,we would be weak and would not grow.Vitamin B-one is found not just in whole grains like brown rice,but also in other foods.These include beans and peas,nuts,and meat and fish.Vitamin B-twelve is needed so folic acid（叶酸）can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells.Vitamin B-twelve is found naturally in foods such as eggs,meat,fish and milk products.Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when taken by their mothers during pregnancy.Vitamin B-twelve is found in green leafy vegetables and other foods,like legumes and citrus fruits.In some countries,it is added to products like bread.Vitamin C is needed for strong bones and teeth,and for healthy blood passages.It also helps wounds heal quickly.The body stores little vitamin C.So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus（柑橘类）fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood.Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally.It also is needed to build strong bones.Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D.Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D.Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood.It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Vitamin K can be found in pork products,liver and in vegetables like cabbage,kale and spinach. Citrus fruits,tomatoes and uncooked cabbage contain Vitamin C.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Good sources of Vitamin A are beef,eggs and seafood.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Do you have any idea what you would like to be and do after graduation? A lot of people don′! begin thinking about careers until they reach junior or senior year, which, in my opinion, is too late. When people are trying to decide what they want to do, it helps to know something they love. Ever since I was little, I′ve always been doing someone′s hair, make-up or nails, starting with Barbie dolls and progressing to humans. Over the years my family has really inspired me to do this and now I fix friends′ and family members′ hair for weddings, dances and other big events. I have been thinking about what I would like to do for a career since middle school. I did some research and discovered that I might really enjoy being a cosmetologist, so I went to my hair stylist and asked her lots of questions about what it takes to reach her level and what she would recommend I do. I considered her advice and then did more research. I used Aveda′ s website to get information on the Aveda Institute and what type of credit (贷款) I would need from high school to apply. I found their institute has three parts: theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and professional business-building skills. For the past few years, I have been looking at Aveda in more and more detail. This school not only offers cosmetology, but also massage therapy. I grew up in Minnesota (美国中北部的一个州), so I plan to apply to the institute in Minneapolis that several people have highly recommended. It helps students become "future industry leaders in hair care, skin care, makeup and total body wellness". It is affordable and everyone there is friendly and understanding. Having done the groundwork and thinking about what I′d like to do after high school, I know that I will definitely pursue my dream of becoming a cosmetologist. Why does the author think it′s too late for people to start thinking about careers in junior or senior year?A.Because he/she began to think about them when very young.B.Because many people are too old to learn.C.Because a lot of people can't grasp the opportunity.D.Because many people have little they love.
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.Which of the following is facts?a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinctb.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornd.Colours have little influence on our moods
根据下列内容，回答211-215题。A house is the most expensive thing most people will ever buy．Very few people have enough money of their own to buy a house，so they have to borrow money from a bank．Borrowing moneyfrom a bank to buy a house is called“take a mortgage”．The bank usually lends money or gives a me．gage for twenty—five years．Houses are so expensive that many people nowadays have to borrow as much as$50，000．In other words，they will have a$50，000 mortgage．How can you get a mortgage? When you find a house you like．you go to a bank．The bank will research you financial history and decide if they think you are a good risk．They will want to know what kind of job you have，what kind of salary you make and how long you have had the job．They will a]so want to know how much money you have．In addition．the banks will require a down payment．Depending Oil which state you live in，the bank may require as much as 30%of the price of the house as a down payment．The bank will then lend you the rest of the money to buy the house.Many people are never able to buy a house because they can not save enough money for thedown payment．What does a house mean in the United States．? __________A.It is a dream which many people can hardly realizeB.It is so expensive that many people can not really buy themC.It is the most important property that many people try to buyD.It doesn’t belong to people if they can not borrow morley from the bank
The year 2000 will bring big changes in communication．Cell phones will be small enough to carry in your pocket．Videophones will let you see the person you are talking to on the phone．Tiny hand size computers will know your favorite subjects．The Internet and email will be everywhere．Technologists believe 2000 will be the year of video messaging．You will be able to see whom you're talking to.Also in the near future small wireless boxes will pick up information from satellites．In 5 years,computers won't need to be connected through wires.All of this will be good for rural areas and countries that don't have cable or telephone now．In 20 years you may only need to think about something and the computer will do it.Constance Hale is the author of Sin and Syntax,"I believe that email has been an incredible boon to communication．People are writing today where they would have been telephoning yesterday．So people are engaging with words more than they have for the last couple generations."If people use email and the Internet more,it could make people better readers and writers．Some people think the most important part of communication is to make people understand each other better．Will technology make that easier?The translator also comes in handy in medical emergencies．Tam Dinh says,"Where people are injured it's always important to get as much information as quickly as possible."Bob Parks is an Associate Editor of Wired Magazine,"Bob's morning begins at about 6:45 am．and Bob is kind of mad,because Bob usually gets up at around 7:15 and likes to cut it close with his morning commute,but I look at my radio and it says that there's a traffic jam on 101 South and I'm gonna need an extra 1/2 hour．And so my radio has got a net connection,wireless net connection as well as a good old power cord to the wall and it has received notice that there's a traffic jam and it has calculated an extra 1/2 hour commute time."Some day everything may be connected to the Internet．Your refrigerator will add milk to your Internet grocery list when the date on the carton has passed．Light bulbs will be ordered before they burn out.It's fun to try to guess the future．Usually the predictions are wrong．The one thing we know for sure is that we can't imagine how technology will change.Constance Hale says"email has been an incredible boon to communication"．What Does she mean by this?A.People want to see the person they are talking to on the phonB.email is easier than talking on the phonC.People are using writing and reading more with emaiD.email is not private enoug
Passage TwoGenerationsof Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essentialto one′s life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day,we have been told,and told again,is as necessary asputting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people,the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure Sodespite all the efforts,they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983,the latest year for which figures could beobtained,the number of people who didn′t have breakfast increased by 33%from8.8 million to 11.7 million--according to the Chicago-based Market ResearchCorporation of America.For those who dislike eating breakfast,however,thereis some good news.Several studies in the last few years have shown that,for adults especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast."Going without breakfast does not affect work,"said Arnold E.Bender,former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London,"nor does giving people breakfast improve work."Scientific evidence linkingbreakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate(不充分),and most of the recent work involves children,not adults."The literature,"says one researcher,Dr.Earnest Polite at theUniversity of Texas,"is poor."Which of these is mentioned inthe second paragraph?A.The number of the people who skip breakfast has increased.B.Many people fill their cars withgasoline in the?morning.C.8.8 million people got involved in astudy on?eating habits.D.A company carried out a research in1983.
Passage TwoGenerationsof Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essentialto one′s life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day,we have been told,and told again,is as necessary asputting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people,the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure Sodespite all the efforts,they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983,the latest year for which figures could beobtained,the number of people who didn′t have breakfast increased by 33%from8.8 million to 11.7 million--according to the Chicago-based Market ResearchCorporation of America.For those who dislike eating breakfast,however,thereis some good news.Several studies in the last few years have shown that,for adults especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast."Going without breakfast does not affect work,"said Arnold E.Bender,former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London,"nor does giving people breakfast improve work."Scientific evidence linkingbreakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate(不充分),and most of the recent work involves children,not adults."The literature,"says one researcher,Dr.Earnest Polite at theUniversity of Texas,"is poor."Which of the following statements bestsummarizes the writer′s conclusion about the function of breakfast?A.Omitting breakfast helps improve work.B.Eating breakfast is absolutelynecessary.C.Scientists have produced sufficientevidence in support of breakfast.D.There isn't strong evidence to provethat breakfast?is a must.
共用题干Food and CancerMedical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person's chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study.They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study.They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian.Most of them took vitamins and minerals everyday for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate.Researchers divided those people into eight groups.Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily.The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed.The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect.Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β-carotene,vitamin E and the mineral selenium（硒）.The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances.Researchers reported a 1 3 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β-carotene,vitamin E and selenium.They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries.They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals.Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years.For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study.They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China. The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇People who forgive show less depression,anger and stress and more hopefulness.To forgive may be divine,but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.But forgiveness is possible,and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health."People who forgive show less depression,anger and stress and more hopefulness,"says Fredric,Ph.D,author of Forgive for Good."So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital."So how do you start the healing?Try the following steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger,try a simple stress management technique."Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature,or someone you love."Frederic says.Don't wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,"Frederic says."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time."Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain."Instead of focusing on your wounded feeling,learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,"Frederic says.Try to see things from the other person's perspective.If you empathize with that person,you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance,fear,even love.To gain perspective,you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy,better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself."For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,"Frederic says."But it can rob you self-confidence if you don't do it."Your offender may not want to apologize because_________.A:they are afraid that they won't be forgivenB:they don't even realize they had hurt youC:they don't share the same feeling with youD:they think that time can heal any wound
共用题干Food and CancerMedical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person's chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study.They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study.They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian.Most of them took vitamins and minerals everyday for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate.Researchers divided those people into eight groups.Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily.The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed.The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect.Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β-carotene,vitamin E and the mineral selenium（硒）.The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances.Researchers reported a 1 3 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β-carotene,vitamin E and selenium.They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries.They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals.Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years.For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study.They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Food and CancerMedical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person's chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study.They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study.They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian.Most of them took vitamins and minerals everyday for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate.Researchers divided those people into eight groups.Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily.The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed.The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect.Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β-carotene,vitamin E and the mineral selenium（硒）.The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances.Researchers reported a 1 3 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β-carotene,vitamin E and selenium.They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries.They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals.Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years.For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study.They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.Among the scientists that did the study,there are more Chinese than Americans.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one life’s essentials.Eating breakfast at the start of the day,we have all been told,and told again,is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure.So despite all the efforts,they still take no breakfast.Between 1977 and 1983,the latest year for which figures are available,the number of people who didn’t have breakfast,increased by 33 percent.For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast,however,there is some good news.Several studies in the last few years indicate that,for adults especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not affect performance,”said Arrold E.Bender,former professor of the nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London,“nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate,and most of the recent work involves children,not adults,“The literature”,says one researcher,Dr.Erresto at the University of Texas,“is poor”.The latest year for which figures could be obtained is_______.A.the year the author wrote the articleB.1977C.any year between 1997 and 1983D.1983
单选题What, according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique?AThe fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK.BThe fact that the scientists succeeded in making more people realize the harm of smoking.CThe fact that the scientists did a lot of experiments on smokers in public areas.DThe fact that the scientists discovered NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke.
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.The City of the Future What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They predict that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This overcrowding will cause other problems—more crime, dirtier streets, and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in urban areas. How can we solve such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is so little suitable housing—and because rents are so high. The crime rate isn’t going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don’t move at all for several blocks. These urban problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. Los Angeles, California, for instance, has no subway system and the buses are slow. Instead, most commuters drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, by contrast, has a mass transit system—buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, however, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than in Los Angeles. On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast, and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use mass transit to move quickly from one part of the city to another. The disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city—that is, cities all over the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that provide people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U.S. cities are rebuilding their downtown areas. Urban planners can learn from one another. They can try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world. Summary: Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They say that cities will become more and more crowded and many other problems will be caused by this 1 Due to the hard life, people do not want to live in 2 These urban problems such as overcrowding, crime and traffic have been getting worse, so many people 3 for the future of the city. However, these disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city. All the cities all over the world must solve the problems and fortunately, many of them have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. For example, 4 or London has planned communities providing people with apartments, jobs and so on. Besides, many U. S. cities 5 In a word, solutions that have been successful in a place should be adopted and tried in another place.
问答题◆Topic 3: Will petty criminals get light punishment? Questions for Reference: 1. A new prosecution guideline was recently released: people convicted of petty crimes may get light punishment if they are minors, the elderly people, and people who have slightly breached the law because of poverty. What do you think of this new law? 2. This new law is said to be a humane practice and it will help them put their lives back in order and better serve their families. Do you think it can achieve its end? 3. Some people think that if petty crimes are not punished in a timely way, more serious consequences will follow. What do you think of this argument?