名词解释题bugs
名词解释题
bugs
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CPlants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack, In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away- or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detest whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器).The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage – by insects or with a hole punch – had been done to the tomato leaves.With some fine tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareve, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by______.A. making some sounds B. waving their leavesC. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals
BPeople usually think that boys are stronger，heavier and taller than girls． Maybe it's true．Some people even think that boys are smarter than girls．Expert's view:l can' t agree with them． If you say that girls learn faster than boys，you may be right，at least when it comes to young chimps(猩猩) using tools．People found that girl chimps in Tanzania，East Africa，use sticks to find tasty insects(昆虫) two years earlier than boy chimps． This is because young girl chimps watch their moms col-lect bugs，while the boy chimps climb trees．But young boy chimps may hunt and throw(扔) sooner than girl clumps．It's also true for humans．It-s easier for girls to learn to write and draw earlier，but boys often run and throw balls earlier than girls．Teacher's view:l think boys and girls both have their special advantages． Boys are good at sports． They are very athletic． But girls do well in performance． They are very calm．( )26． People usually think boys are _________'than girls．A． tallerB． strongerC． heavierD． All of the above
So it is today. Schedule disaster,functional misfits,and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesnt know what the right hand is doing. As work（ ）,the several teams slowly change the functions, sizes, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly（ ）their assumptions about the inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs. For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how（ ）this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile, back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change,and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view. How , then , shall teams（ ）with one another ? In as many ways as possible Informally . Good telephone services and a clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends. Meetings . Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings ,are（ ）. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way. Workbook . A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.A.starts B.proceeds C.stops D.speeds A.change B.proceed C.smooth D.hide A.frequently B.usually C.commonly D.rarely A.work B.program C.communicate D.talk A.worthless B.valueless C.useless D.invaluable
It can be hard to feel much sympathy for bats. Like snakes or spiders or sharks, there’s something quite alarming about bats, something that holds back empathy. Bats aren’t actually,“flying rodents(啮齿动物),” but you likely won’t see them on the next endangered species poster.But bats in the U.S. are in serious trouble, thanks largely to a catastrophic disease called white-nose syndrome (WNS), which has killed at least one million bats, mostly in the northeast, and death rates among some affected winter colonies can be as high as 70%. One species—the little brown bat or Myotis lucifugus—has declined so quickly that it is headed for extinction. And the disease keeps spreading, with wildlife experts helpless to stop it—after starting in upstate New York in 2006, the disease was just confirmed as far west as Ohio yesterday.You might say: so what? Other than people who study bats—would anyone miss them when they’re gone? As it turns out, all of us would—at least if you like food. A new article in Science shows that bats have an important role to play in agriculture—one worth at least $3.7 billion a year, if not far more. That’s how much the extinction of bats throughout North America could cost the region’s food system, according to an analysis by a group of researchers led by Justin Boyles of the University of Pretoria in South Africa. The logic is simple: bats eat bugs—tons and tons of bugs—and that includes crop and forests pests. (A single colony of 150 brown bats in Indianan has been estimated to eat nearly 1.3 million pest insects a year.) Remove the bats, and you remove one of nature’s most effective biological pesticides—which would have to be replaced by actual pesticides, at an economic and environmental expense.It’s not just WNS that is striking down bats. Wind turbines(涡轮机)are apparently killing migratory(迁徙的)bats as well—by 2020, an estimated 33,000 to 111,000 bats are predicted to be killed by turbines in the mid-Atlantic Highlands alone. The authors in the Science paper worry that as wind power develop fast in the U.S., more bats will end up killed by the blades. But WNS seems like the more immediate threat. But it’s still a mystery how WNS spread, and how to stop it—those the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, among other government agencies, is on the case. We may not like bats—but we definitely need them.43. What is the author’s opinion about bats?A. IndifferenceB. FrightenedC. WorriedD. Grateful44. Which of the following statements is true about WNS?A. It speads quicklyB. It can be controlled.C. It was first discovered in Ohio.D. It is more serious in the Northwest.45. From Justin Boyles’ study we can learn that _____.A. bats often eat insects killed pesticidesB. bats in North America are short of foodC. some species of bats harm crop plantsD. losing bats means huge economic cost46. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A. To show his opinion of bats.B. To show how impotant bats are in agriculture.C. To tell us a rare animal.D. To report a new science discovery.
A company that makes Computer Assisted Design (CAD) software has, within its application, some utility classes that are used to perform 3D rendering tasks. The company‘s chief scientist has just improved the performance of one of the utility classes‘ key rendering algorithms, and has assigned a programmer to replace the old algorithm with the new algorithm. When the programmer begins researching the utility classes, she is happy to discover that the algorithm to be replaced exists in only one class. The programmer reviews that class‘s API, and replaces the old algorithm with the new algorithm, being careful that her changes adhere strictly to the class‘s API. Once testing has begun, the programmer discovers that other classes that use the class she changed are no longer working properly.What design flaw is most likely the cause of these new bugs?（）A.InheritanceB.Tight couplingC.Low cohesionD.High cohesionE.Loose couplingF.Object immutability
运行check setup.pl后，系统生成local config文件，以下为其中几行内容，请说出哪句为BUG数据库的名称()A.$db_host="local host";B.$db_port=3306;C.$db_name="bugs";D.$db_user="bugs www.Exam w.com
The identification and removal of bugs in a program is called”(73)A.checkingB.debuggingC.revisionD.verification
共用题干第三篇“Life Form Found" on Saturn ' s TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn'5 moon.The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing"in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers.This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan,wheretemperatures are around minus 17 Kelvin(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes,but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan'5 surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun'5 interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan'5 surface.But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explana-tion,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non- biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said."We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-bio- logical explanations.It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?A: Water-based life on it.B: Methane-based life on its biggest moon.C:A new moon moving around it.D:Earthlike life on its biggest moon.
The identification and removal of bugs in a program is called"______".A.checkingB.debuggingC.revisionD.verification
共用题干Ward off Travel Bugs1 As the holiday season approaches,so does the prospect of jet lag,an upset stomach or sunburn. With care and some help from natural sources,however,it is quite possible to avoid these problems.2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave.Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable,but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria,you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to poisoning brought on by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract,you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics:drink bottled water,avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate.If you do succumb to food poisoning,drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor.However,if you detect diarrhea early enough,you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes,which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.5 Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel can also help.This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area arid binds with bacteria and viruses,allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut.When you pack,include grapefruit- seed extract,which is an excellent all-round anti一bacterial,anti-parasitic,anti.viral and anti-fungal agent.6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant.Peppermint oil and ginger capsules ward off motion sickness,but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger.if you tend to get earache on take-off and landing,you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.7 The greatest concern is"economy class syndrome",the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs,heart or brain.To reduce this,you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated,and avoid alcohol.8 You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoidquercetin.Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.9 Finally,if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas,you should see a doctor.Paragraph 1______A:Basics of What to Eat and DrinkB:Medicine Against Bacteria and VirusesC:Avoiding Holiday TroublesD:Basics of Having a Pleasant FlightE:A Teaspoonful of Helpful SilicolF:Preparations Against Food Poisoning
Text 3 The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may_____A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission
共用题干New Product Will Save livesDrinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs（虫子）,which can cause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages,which shows whether water is safe.The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it,to destroy anything harmful.It was invented by scientist Dr. Adrian Parton, who started Genera five years ago.He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company.Andy Headland,Genera's marketing director,recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it.Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at$42,500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March.The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government.Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees; it now employs 14.Mr Headland believes that the company should make around$19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone.Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
对于ISIS说法不正确的是（）。A、ISIS把数据输送给FDIMU和CMCB、ADIRU13给ISIS提供空速数据C、通过MCDU或ISIS本身可测试ISISD、ISIS在空中通过同时按压BUGS和LS按钮超过2S，可进入维护模式
What is the purpose of the Dynamic Configuration Tool？ （）A、 To determine the correct IOS image to support your modules or bladesB、 To allow for the mass deployment of devices with minimal configurations.C、 To test router configurations virtually prior to implementing them in your production networkD、 To provide an easy way to check for known bugs in IOS releasesE、 To verify that hardware such as modules are compatible with your chassis
You are about to upgrade a router with a newer lOS version， but you would like to check for known bugs first. Which tool will allow you to do this most easily？（）A、 Cisco Bug ToolkitB、 Cisco Bug MatrixC、 Cisco.com Search functionalityD、 Dynamic Configuration Tool
运行checksetup.pl后，系统生成localconfig文件，以下为其中几行内容，请说出哪句为BUG数据库的名称？（）A、$db_host=“localhost“；B、$db_port=3306；C、$db_name=“bugs“；D、$db_user=“bugs。
You copy a Web site from a development site to a staging site. You do not have the Web site in a source control application. Another developer begins to fix bugs on the staging site while the development team adds features on the development site. You need to synchronize the development site and the staging site and copy the latest version of each file to both locations. What should you do? （）A、Use the Copy Web tool.B、Create a Web Setup project.C、Use the Publish Web tool.D、Use the command line to XCOPY the files.
单选题运行checksetup.pl后，系统生成localconfig文件，以下为其中几行内容，请说出哪句为BUG数据库的管理员名称？（）A$db_host=“localhost“；B$db_port=3306；C$db_name=“bugs“；D$db_user=“bugs“；
单选题A company that makes Computer Assisted Design （CAD） software has， within its application， some utilityclasses that are used to perform 3D rendering tasks. The company’s chief scientist has just improved theperformance of one of the utility classes’ key rendering algorithms， and has assigned a programmer toreplace the old algorithm with the new algorithm. When the programmer begins researching the utilityclasses， she is happy to discover that the algorithm to be replaced exists in only one class. The programmer reviews that class’s API， and replaces the old algorithm with the new algorithm， being carefulthat her changes adhere strictly to the class’s API. Once testing has begun， the programmer discovers thatother classes that use the class she changed are no longer working properly. What design flaw is mostlikely the cause of these new bugs？（）AInheritanceBTight couplingCLow cohesionDHigh cohesionELoose coupling
单选题运行checksetup.pl后，系统生成localconfig文件，以下为其中几行内容，请说出哪句为BUG数据库的名称？（）A$db_host=“localhost“；B$db_port=3306；C$db_name=“bugs“；D$db_user=“bugs。
单选题What is the purpose of the Dynamic Configuration Tool？ （）A To determine the correct IOS image to support your modules or bladesB To allow for the mass deployment of devices with minimal configurations.C To test router configurations virtually prior to implementing them in your production networkD To provide an easy way to check for known bugs in IOS releasesE To verify that hardware such as modules are compatible with your chassis
单选题You are about to upgrade a router with a newer lOS version， but you would like to check for known bugs first. Which tool will allow you to do this most easily？（）A Cisco Bug ToolkitB Cisco Bug MatrixC Cisco.com Search functionalityD Dynamic Configuration Tool
单选题A company that makes Computer Assisted Design (CAD) software has, within its application, some utility classes that are used to perform 3D rendering tasks. The company's chief scientist has just improved the performance of one of the utility classes' key rendering algorithms, and has assigned a programmer to replace the old algorithm with the new algorithm. When the programmer begins researching the utility classes, she is happy to discover that the algorithm to be replaced exists in only one class. The programmer reviews that class's API, and replaces the old algorithm with the new algorithm, being careful that her changes adhere strictly to the class's API. Once testing has begun, the programmer discovers that other classes that use the class she changed are no longer working properly. What design flaw is most likely the cause of these new bugs?（）AInheritanceBTight couplingCLow cohesionDHigh cohesionELoose couplingFObject immutability