共用题干The Dangers of Secondhand SmokeMost people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.In fact,many people who smoke get lung cancer. However,Edward Gilson has lung cancer,and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife Evelyn,who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.________(46)No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless,doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes.________(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health._________(48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies.As a matter of fact,almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times,whether we realize it or not. For example,we can not avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants,hotels and other public places.Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas,smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke._________(49)Research shows that chil- dren who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke._________（50)__________（50）A:Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B:The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C:This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D:However,secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.E:As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F: In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
共用题干
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it
causes many kinds of diseases.In fact,many people who smoke get lung cancer. However,Edward Gilson
has lung cancer,and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife Evelyn,who has smoked about
a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.________(46)
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless,doctors believe that secondhand
smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke
from other people's cigarettes.________(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about
53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past,
scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health._________(48)They
discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies.As a matter
of fact,almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times,whether we realize it or not. For example,we can
not avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants,hotels and other public places.Even though many public places
have nonsmoking areas,smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.
It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke._________(49)Research shows that chil-
dren who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one
smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are
adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both
parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke._________（50)
The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it
causes many kinds of diseases.In fact,many people who smoke get lung cancer. However,Edward Gilson
has lung cancer,and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife Evelyn,who has smoked about
a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.________(46)
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless,doctors believe that secondhand
smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke
from other people's cigarettes.________(47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about
53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past,
scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health._________(48)They
discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies.As a matter
of fact,almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times,whether we realize it or not. For example,we can
not avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants,hotels and other public places.Even though many public places
have nonsmoking areas,smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.
It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke._________(49)Research shows that chil-
dren who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one
smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are
adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both
parents smoke.
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke._________（50)
__________（50）
A:Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B:The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C:This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D:However,secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.
E:As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F: In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
A:Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B:The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C:This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D:However,secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.
E:As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.
F: In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
参考解析
解析：前一句主要讲的是，Gilson先生与妻子Evelyn生活在一起，而Evelyn自他们结婚以来 一直是每天差不多抽一包烟。接下来显然应选表示他们结婚年限的句子。再者，只有B项提 到了Gilsons。
前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸人吸烟者吸烟时呼出的烟，后面应跟这种烟的定义，故选C。
前一句讲的是过去科学家们对二手烟的看法，接下来的句子应表示他们改变了看法， 因为后面的句子表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。
前一句提到儿童与二手烟，接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关。
前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害，因此接下来的句子应表示人们采取措 施，禁止在公共场所吸烟。第6部分：完形填空
前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸人吸烟者吸烟时呼出的烟，后面应跟这种烟的定义，故选C。
前一句讲的是过去科学家们对二手烟的看法，接下来的句子应表示他们改变了看法， 因为后面的句子表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。
前一句提到儿童与二手烟，接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关。
前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害，因此接下来的句子应表示人们采取措 施，禁止在公共场所吸烟。第6部分：完形填空
相关考题：
共用题干第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of the oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A:Happy.B:Surprised.C:Angry.D:Careless.
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.People are still not sure______.A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC:what is most responsible for lung cancerD:as some people imagineE:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will haveF:which form of lung cancer is a common one
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Paragraph 3______A:Common Secondary Lung CancersB:The Advantages Brought About by Routine Chest CheckupC:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking HabitsD:Operable and Inoperable Lung CancersE:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer
共用题干第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of the oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A:Heart disease.B:Breast cancer.C:Infectious disease.D:Lung cancer.
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from x-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.The more cigarettes one smokes,______.A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC:what is most responsible for lung cancerD:as some people imagineE:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will haveF:which form of lung cancer is a common one
共用题干第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of the oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.What is the new tendency in lung cancer concluded by the researchers?A:Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B:Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C:Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.D:Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.
共用题干第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of the oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.What symptoms may be complained of by women with lung cancer after long term,close contact with cooking oil fumes?A:Irritated eyes and throat.B:Severe pain in both lungs.C:Continuous cough and headache.D:Difficulty in breathing.
共用题干第一篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies on lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor Research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr. He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Centre.He followed 2, 276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumc、 could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time that I heard it result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,"said Dr. Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried food due to the poor quality of the oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if one is exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A:Family cancer history.B:Unhealthy dietary habits.C:Weak immune systems.D:Personal health and physical condition.
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?A: Six.B: Seven.C: Eight.D: Nine.
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?A: To give it up completely.B: To give up part of it.C: Not to think about it any more.D: To cure the diseases first.
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." In the context of this passage,"secondhand smoke"means______.A: being near cigar smokers when they are smokingB: being near cigar smokers when they are not smokingC: smoking very cheap cigarsD: smoking bad-quality cigars
共用题干Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him.“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B: Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C: Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.D: Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." According to the report,smoking three or four cigars a day______.A: increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokersB: greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokersC: increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D: greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers
共用题干Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him.“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A: Family cancer history.B: Unhealthy dietary habits.C: Weak immune systems.D: Personal health and physical condition.
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." What is the main idea of the article"Cigars:Health Effects and Trends"?A: When it comes to cancer,cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B: Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C: Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D: Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.
共用题干Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him.“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term close contact with cooking oil fumes? A:Irritated eyes and throat.B: Severe pain in both lungs.C: Continuous cough and headache.D: Difficulty in breathing.
共用题干第二篇CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive andpotentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs （模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re- searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?A:Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.B:It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.C:159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the U.S.each year.D:It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.
共用题干Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him.“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A: Happy.B: Surprised.C: Angry.D: Careless.
共用题干Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,”said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him.“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College.“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A: Heart disease. B: Breast cancer.C: Infectious diseases.D: Lung cancer.
共用题干Lung CancerThe death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts._________(46)Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars._________(47)Among heavy smokers—21 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis._________(48)Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed._________(49)The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become in-fected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess._________(50)The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to re-move the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths._________(46)A: A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malig-nancy originates in a bronchus.B: Lung cancer,also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma,is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.C: Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an ear-ly diagnosis of lung cancer.D: Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.E: Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.F:.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Paragraph2______ A:Common Secondary Lung CancersB:The Adwintages Brought About by Routine Chest CheckupC:Relationship Between Mortality Rate From Lung Cancer and Smoking HabitsD:Operable and Inoperable Lung CancersE:The Increasing Death Rate From Lung Cancer and Possible CausesF:An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous______.A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC:what is most responsible for lung cancerD:as some people imagineE:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F:which form of lung cancer is a common one
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely______.A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC:what is most responsible for lung cancerD:as some people imagineE:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F:which form of lung cancer is a common one
共用题干Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blamewor-thy.Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.Among heavy smokers-21 to 30 cigarettes per day-the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be com-pletely removed.4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus.The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a re-sulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess.Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The on-ly treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have time to form,is to remove the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.5 Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.People are still not sure______.A:before the cancer cells spread elsewhereB:the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will haveC:what is most responsible for lung cancerD:as some people imagineE:the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F:which form of lung cancer is a common one
共用题干The Dangers of Second-hand SmokeMost people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health.Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.In fact,many people who smoke get lung cancer.However,Edward Gilson has lung cancer,and he has never smoked cigarettes.He lives with his wife Evelyn,who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage.______(46) No one knows for sure why Mr.Gilson has lung cancer.Nevertheless,doctors believe that second-hand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes.______(47) The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to second-hand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals.In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health._______（48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies.As a matter of fact,almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times,whether we realize it or not.For example,we can not avoid second-hand smoke in restaurants,hotels and other public places.Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas,smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid second-hand smoke______（49)Research shows that children who are exposed to second-hand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers.The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.People are becoming very aware of the dangers of second-hand smoke.______(50)______（47)A:Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B:The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C:This smoke is called second-hand smoke.D:However,second-hand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.E:As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.F:In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
问答题Smoking bans in public places are becoming more and more common in China. Whether the right of the non-smoker to breathe in fresh air outweighs that of the smoker to smoke freely is a matter of opinion, manifesting itself in a heated smoking ban debate. The following are opinions from both sides on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides, and then 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. A smoking ban is a public policy that includes criminal laws and health regulations that prohibit smoking in certain public places and workspaces. There are many reasons why smoking bans originated, but most of these have medical origins. Research has shown secondhand smoke is almost as harmful as smoking in and of itself. The effects of secondhand smoke are relatively the same as smoking. Lung disease, heart disease, bronchitis and asthma are common. Those who live in homes with smokers have a 20-30 percent higher risk of developing lung cancer than those who do not live with a smoker. Smoking bans are also imposed because they improve air quality in restaurants and other establishments. In Beijing, it is now illegal to smoke in all hospitality venues. Studies have also shown employees are exposed to far fewer toxins in areas where smoking is banned in the workplace. Despite the positive effects on health and air quality, many people are still opposed to smoking bans in China. Critics oppose smoking bans and see these laws as an example of the government interfering in people’s lives. They look at the effects on smokers, not those on non-smokers who are subjected to second-hand smoke. Other critics emphasize the rights of the property owner and draw distinctions between public places, such as government building and privately owned businesses, such as stores and restaurants. Some critics of smoking bans believe that outlawing smoking in the workplace may cause smokers to simply move their smoking elsewhere. Instead of smoking indoors, workers may begin smoking in public parks and exposing a new set of people to their secondhand smoke.
填空题Some people do believe that smoking will (certain) ____ cause lung cancer.