单选题支气管肺炎患儿在进食少的情况下,一般供给热量和液体量是()A30cal/(kg·D.,20~40ml/(kg·D.B40cal/(kg·D.,40~60ml/(kg·D.C50cal/(kg·D.,60~80ml/(kg·D.D60cal/(kg·D.,90~100ml/(kg·D.EE.70cal/(kg·,100~120ml/(kg·D.
单选题
支气管肺炎患儿在进食少的情况下,一般供给热量和液体量是()
A
30cal/(kg·D.,20~40ml/(kg·D.
B
40cal/(kg·D.,40~60ml/(kg·D.
C
50cal/(kg·D.,60~80ml/(kg·D.
D
60cal/(kg·D.,90~100ml/(kg·D.
E
E.70cal/(kg·,100~120ml/(kg·D.
参考解析
解析:
这是一道记忆综合应用题,考核学生关于小儿营养及液体疗法的基础知识以及结合肺炎时特点如何供给。错答率不高,依次为B、D、E。首先应考虑支气管肺炎患者多数为婴幼儿,肺炎时因心衰常见故补液量是宁少勿多,一般在进食少时,供给热量按基础代谢所需补充,婴幼儿可按50~60cal/(kg·d)计算,所需水分亦按生理需要量60~80ml/(kg·d)。
对此类组合性的答题,宜先用满足一个条件来初筛,一般应以热量作为初筛,则C、D可满足正常需要量,而A、B热卡太低,E偏高而可除外。在C和D中,D显然是液量过多,故只能选C。而如以液量作为筛查,从营养学角度欠合理,在营养方案制定原则中,热量是首先考虑的项目。错答B者只注意了生理需要的液量,而未考虑基础代谢的热量要求。错答D者只注意了肺炎基础代谢的热量,而忽视了肺炎不应液体太多。
对此类组合性的答题,宜先用满足一个条件来初筛,一般应以热量作为初筛,则C、D可满足正常需要量,而A、B热卡太低,E偏高而可除外。在C和D中,D显然是液量过多,故只能选C。而如以液量作为筛查,从营养学角度欠合理,在营养方案制定原则中,热量是首先考虑的项目。错答B者只注意了生理需要的液量,而未考虑基础代谢的热量要求。错答D者只注意了肺炎基础代谢的热量,而忽视了肺炎不应液体太多。
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