Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.As people face dying,medicalised deaths would_____.A.arouse more of their curiosityB.incur more of their criticismC.raise more of their suspicionD.receive more of their support
Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.
As people face dying,medicalised deaths would_____.
As people face dying,medicalised deaths would_____.
A.arouse more of their curiosity
B.incur more of their criticism
C.raise more of their suspicion
D.receive more of their support
B.incur more of their criticism
C.raise more of their suspicion
D.receive more of their support
参考解析
解析：[信息锁定]第二段后四句指出：大限来临时．有些人会改变健康时期的选择意愿（于家中安详离去），转而选择医疗救治。由此可知，死亡临近时，选择医疗化死亡的人会比健康时期多，即D.正确，同时排除B.。[解题技巧]A.由“病人在死亡逼近时，会背离其健康时的死亡预设转而选择医疗化死亡”曲解出“人们对医疗死亡产生好奇”，而事实并非是“出于好奇”而是“出于延续生命（以逃避死亡）”；C.由“人们健康时多半愿意选择于家中黯然离去，而不选择医疗死亡”曲解出“人们对医疗死亡持怀疑态度”，且并非题干所问“大限来临之时”。
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Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are two passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D． Youshould decide on the best choice．Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:Passage OneThe largest earthquake (magnitude里氏9．5)of the 20th century happened on May 22,1960 0ff the coast of South Central Chile．It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunami（海啸）． Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe．The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe-the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中)．Huge tsuna- mi waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within l0 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland．There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city．Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people． At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed． A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed-one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless．Total damage losses, including agriculture and industry, were estimated(估计） to be over a half billion dollars． The total number of deaths related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region． Estimates of deaths reached between 490 and 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami． However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami．Where did the largest tsunami damage occur? ( )A． ConcepcionB． Isia ChiloeC． ValdiviaD． Valparaiso
Questions 95-98 refer to the following advertisement.As the number of new infections and deaths rise in the Ebola outbreak, fear and suspicion in rising, too, making a more difficult for health care workers to get the sick into hospitals, even as increasingly angry crowds are calling for more government action.The growing chaos caused by this current Ebola outbreak, which is already the worst on record with more than 1,300 infected and 700 dead in three countries in West Africa, was witnessed in a low income community in the Bushrod Island area of Monrovia.The community members had called the Health Ministry to come pick up the body of a man who had been dead in his home since Thursday. Late Friday or early Saturday, a woman had died in the same neighborhood, and she was also still in her home. Both were suspected Ebola deaths, and the protesters were saying that the government should remove them.A man in the crowd said that since they called the government on Thursday, workers had come to examine the scene, but they had not returned. He said that if the government did not respond to the request of community members to remove the bodies, there would be serious consequences.How long does each show last?A. Half an hour B. One hourC. One hour and a half D. Two hours
Questions 95-98 refer to the following advertisement.As the number of new infections and deaths rise in the Ebola outbreak, fear and suspicion in rising, too, making a more difficult for health care workers to get the sick into hospitals, even as increasingly angry crowds are calling for more government action.The growing chaos caused by this current Ebola outbreak, which is already the worst on record with more than 1,300 infected and 700 dead in three countries in West Africa, was witnessed in a low income community in the Bushrod Island area of Monrovia.The community members had called the Health Ministry to come pick up the body of a man who had been dead in his home since Thursday. Late Friday or early Saturday, a woman had died in the same neighborhood, and she was also still in her home. Both were suspected Ebola deaths, and the protesters were saying that the government should remove them.A man in the crowd said that since they called the government on Thursday, workers had come to examine the scene, but they had not returned. He said that if the government did not respond to the request of community members to remove the bodies, there would be serious consequences.What did the author say about the two deaths in the community where there was growing chaos?A. They were suspected Ebola deaths.B. They were removed by the government.C. They were confirmed Ebola deaths.D. They were removed by neighbors.
共用题干第二篇 Chronic Diseases: The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by 2015.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area,ln ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their mosteconomically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain, Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through 2015.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific. Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?A:Timely medical treatment.B: Healthy eating.C: More physical activity.D:Reduction in drinking and smoking.
共用题干第二篇 Chronic Diseases: The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by 2015.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area,ln ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their mosteconomically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain, Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through 2015.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific. How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?A: More than 17 million.B:More than 380 million.C: More than 304 million.D: More than 25 mullion.
共用题干第二篇 Chronic Diseases: The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by 2015.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area,ln ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their mosteconomically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain, Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through 2015.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific. Which can NOT be learned from the passage?A: Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.B:Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.C:Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D: Economic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.
共用题干第二篇 Chronic Diseases: The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by 2015.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area,ln ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their mosteconomically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain, Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through 2015.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific. Due to chronic diseases China will have to faceA:great pressure from other countries.B:a limited economic market.C:a shortage of the labor force.D:huge economic losses.
共用题干第三篇Infection of AIDSAccording to a report of the World Health Organization,this year will see 2.6 million deaths from AIDS,the highest yearly international total since the disease began to take hold in the late 1970s, despite questionable antiretro-viral drugs（抗逆转录酶病毒药）that staved off AIDS deaths in the richer countries.As things stood,the number of deaths was likely to increase for many years before peaking. The report said about half of all people who acquired HIV become infected before they turned 25 and usually died before their 35th birthdays of AIDS,which destroys the body's immune methods.Although ninety-five percent of people with HIV live in the developing world,battling HIV rates was still a challenge in the developed countries of the West,where there are"very worrying facts" that safe sex practices are dropping among gays.While AIDS deaths in the United States dropped by 42 percent between 1996 and 1997,the figure dropped by only half that between 1997 and last year.The report added that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,the number of infected people had risen by a third this year,to 360,000.This was mainly due to an increase in the use of infected needles to inject drugs in Russia and the Ukraine. More than 2,700 cases of HIV were reported in Moscow in the fitst nine months of this year.Although cases of HIV remain relatively low in the Middle East,increasing use of injected drugs accounted for two thirds of new HIV cases in Bahrian last year,half in Iran and more than a third in Tunisia.According to the passage above,which of the following statements is not true?A:The number of people infected with HIV is increasing.B:Some new drugs can help delay AIDS deaths in countries where AIDS cases are found.C:There are more people who died of AIDS worldwide this year than any other year in the past.D:Most people with HIV live in the developing world.
共用题干第二篇 New U. S. Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health,Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease,cancer and diabetes（糖尿病）.The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases一the leading causes of death in the United States一and outlines ways that people can prevent them,including better diet and increased exercise."In the United States today,7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,"the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.The causes are often behavioral一smoking,poor eating habits and a lack of exercise."I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,"Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative."Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003."These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable,yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier,longer lives,"he said.The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention,pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes,and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations,clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests（巴 氏实验）for cervical（子宫颈的）cancer, mammograms（乳房X线照片）for breast cancer, colonoscopies（结肠镜检查）,and prostate（前列腺的）checks.If such cancers were all caught by early screening,the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?A: They account for 70% of all deaths.B: They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C:They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D:They are largely preventable.
共用题干第二篇 Chronic Diseases: The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by 2015.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area,ln ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their mosteconomically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain, Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through 2015.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have beenA:economic gains.B: lost productivity.C:chronic diseases.D: infectious and parasitic diseases.
共用题干第三篇Infection of AIDSAccording to a report of the World Health Organization,this year will see 2.6 million deaths from AIDS,the highest yearly international total since the disease began to take hold in the late 1970s, despite questionable antiretro-viral drugs（抗逆转录酶病毒药）that staved off AIDS deaths in the richer countries.As things stood,the number of deaths was likely to increase for many years before peaking. The report said about half of all people who acquired HIV become infected before they turned 25 and usually died before their 35th birthdays of AIDS,which destroys the body's immune methods.Although ninety-five percent of people with HIV live in the developing world,battling HIV rates was still a challenge in the developed countries of the West,where there are"very worrying facts" that safe sex practices are dropping among gays.While AIDS deaths in the United States dropped by 42 percent between 1996 and 1997,the figure dropped by only half that between 1997 and last year.The report added that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,the number of infected people had risen by a third this year,to 360,000.This was mainly due to an increase in the use of infected needles to inject drugs in Russia and the Ukraine. More than 2,700 cases of HIV were reported in Moscow in the fitst nine months of this year.Although cases of HIV remain relatively low in the Middle East,increasing use of injected drugs accounted for two thirds of new HIV cases in Bahrian last year,half in Iran and more than a third in Tunisia.There has been an increase in the number of people infected with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia mainly because__________.A:most people were infected when staying in developed countries in the pastB:there were more cases of HIV presentC:in some countries more infected needles were used for the injection of drugsD:HIV reports were written with more points in these countries
共用题干第三篇Infection of AIDSAccording to a report of the World Health Organization,this year will see 2.6 million deaths from AIDS,the highest yearly international total since the disease began to take hold in the late 1970s, despite questionable antiretro-viral drugs（抗逆转录酶病毒药）that staved off AIDS deaths in the richer countries.As things stood,the number of deaths was likely to increase for many years before peaking. The report said about half of all people who acquired HIV become infected before they turned 25 and usually died before their 35th birthdays of AIDS,which destroys the body's immune methods.Although ninety-five percent of people with HIV live in the developing world,battling HIV rates was still a challenge in the developed countries of the West,where there are"very worrying facts" that safe sex practices are dropping among gays.While AIDS deaths in the United States dropped by 42 percent between 1996 and 1997,the figure dropped by only half that between 1997 and last year.The report added that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,the number of infected people had risen by a third this year,to 360,000.This was mainly due to an increase in the use of infected needles to inject drugs in Russia and the Ukraine. More than 2,700 cases of HIV were reported in Moscow in the fitst nine months of this year.Although cases of HIV remain relatively low in the Middle East,increasing use of injected drugs accounted for two thirds of new HIV cases in Bahrian last year,half in Iran and more than a third in Tunisia.Which of the following is not stated in the passage?A:Nearly half of the people were infected with HIV before they were in their middle twenties.B:HIV is no longer threatening in Western countries.C:The majority of people carrying HIV live in developing countries.D:The peak of AIDS death has not arrived yet.
Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.A ceniury ago,death was characterized as being_____A.quickB.slowC.medicalisedD.peaceful
Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.Concerning dying patients,doctors are accustomed to_____A.giving them the death they wantB.helping them delay deathC.talking about the inevitability of deathD.providing them with palliative care
Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that____A.dying patients suffer undertreatmentB.doctor-paiient communication is poorC.doctor-assisted dying has been legalizedD.the right to die is better cure for dying patients
Text l How,when and where death happens has changed over the past century.As late as 1990 half of deaths worldwide were caused by chronic diseases;in 2015 the share was two-thirds.Most deaths in rich countries follow years of uneven deterioration.Roughly two-thirds happen in a hospital or nursing home.They often come after a ctimax of desperate treatment.Such passionate intervention can be agonising for all concerned.These medicalised deaths do not seem to be what people want.Polls find that most people in good health hope that,when the time comes,they will die at home.They want to die free from pain,at peace,and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.But some deaths are unavoidably miserable.Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death's imminence with champagne,as Anton Chekhov did.What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears.Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital.A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death.Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes~by default,when doctors do"everything possible",as they have been trained to,without talking through people's preferences or ensuring that the prediction is clearly understood.The legalisation of doctor-assisted dying has been called for,so that mentally fit,terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish.But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life.The evidence suggests that most people want this option,but that few would,in the end,choose to exercise it.To give people the death they say they want,medicine should take some simple steps.More palliative care is needed.Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering,but to prolong life,too.Most doctors enter medicine to help people delay death,not to talk about its inevitability.But talk they must.Medicare,America's public health scheme for the over-65s,has recently started paying doctors for in-depth conversations with terminally ill patients;other national health-care systems,and insurers,should follow.Cost is not an obstacle,since informed,engaged patients will be less likely to want pointless procedures.Fewer doctors may be sued,as poor communication is a common theme in malpractice claims.The last paragraph suggests that Medicare's move may____.A.build doctor-patient harmonyB.reduce the cost for MedicareC.lessen malpractice claimsD.encourage pointless procedures
Gun use has an additional tragic dimension when compared with tobacco, namely the high incidence of ____deaths, particularly among the young.A.romanticB.doomedC.interestingD.unintentional
共用题干Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries."In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults."Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.Korea had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries."In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults."Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.The study focused on the entire population.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第三篇Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year 2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits."Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western' disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤） at the time of diagnosis.Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West,which increase cancer rates. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A:There were 1 0 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000.B:Generally,cancer accounted for 12% of all deaths in 2000.C:Cancer is the cause of over 25%of all deaths in many countries.D:It is expected that global cancer rates will go up by 50%by 2020.
共用题干Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries."In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults."Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages may link to high blood pressure.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries."In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults."Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.Sugar-sweetened sodas may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Deaths Associated with Sugary Soft DrinksSugar-sweetened sodas,sports drinks and fruit drinks may be associated with about 180,000 deaths around the world each year,according to a recent research.Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed throughout the world,and contribute to excess body weight,which increases the risk of developing diabetes,cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. Using data collected as part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases Study,the researchers linked intake of sugar-sweetened beverages to 133,,000 diabetes deaths,44,000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6,000 cancer deaths.Seventy-eight percent of these deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countries,rather than high-income countries."In the U.S.,our research shows that about 25,000 deaths in 2010 were linked to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages,"said Mr. Singh,a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.Of nine world regions,Latin America/Caribbean had the most diabetes deaths(38,000)related to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in 2010.Japan,one of the countries with lowest per-capita consumption of sugary beverages in the world,had the lowest death rate associated with the consumption of sugary beverages,at about 10 deaths due to per million adults."Because we were focused on deaths due to chronic diseases,our study focused on adults.Future research should assess the amount of sugary beverage consumption in children across the world and how this affects their current and future health,"Singh said.The American Heart Association recommends adults consume no more than 450 calories per week,from sugar-sweetened beverages,based on a 2,000 calorie diet and offers tips to help you make better lifestyle choices and eat healthier.More deaths due to over-consuming sugary drinks were in low and middle-income countriesA:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
问答题More people die of tuberculosis than of any other disease caused by asingle agent. This has probably been the case in quite a while. During the 1．_______early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh 2．_______deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease. From 3．_______now on, though, western eyes, missing the global picture, saw the trouble 4．_______going into decline. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 5．_______20th centuries. In the 1950s, the introduction of antibiotics strengthened thetrend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to 6．_______poor countries. Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew. They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of infections and deaths 7．_______started to pick up again around the world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came 8．_______back; in many places where it had never been away, it grew better. The World 9．_______Health Organization estimates that 1.7 billion people (a third of the earth’spopulation) suffer from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was falling,population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 10．_______million a year. Around 3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poorcountries.
单选题An argument made by supporters of smoking was that_____.Athere was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathBthe number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantCpeople had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeDantismoking people were usually talking nonsense