Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on____A.what sleep patterns people have in different countriesB.the impact of culture on people's sleepC.whether it is influential to read books before sleepD.how many choices people have on bedtime
Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.
In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on____
In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on____
A.what sleep patterns people have in different countries
B.the impact of culture on people's sleep
C.whether it is influential to read books before sleep
D.how many choices people have on bedtime
B.the impact of culture on people's sleep
C.whether it is influential to read books before sleep
D.how many choices people have on bedtime
参考解析
解析：文章续写题。最后一段中，作者提出“似乎也有某种文化因素在起作用”的假设，可推断下一部分，作者会讨论关于文化对睡眠的影响的内容，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】作者在文中已经谈论过不同国家人的不同睡眠模式，所以下一部分可能不会再讨论这一内容，故A项不正确；文中提到睡前看的书是否扣人心弦，只是作为影响一个人决定去睡觉的时间的因素，而未展开叙述，C项不正确；D项，就寝时间方面已经在本文中讨论过，所以不会继续讨论，也排除。
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Do you know how to study better and make your study more effective(有效率的)? We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long (11) ．This is very good，but it doesn't (12)a lot，for an efficient student must have enough sleep，enough food and enough rest and exercise． Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some places． lt' s good for your study．When you return (13) your study，your mind will be refreshed and you'll learn more (14) study better． Psychologists(心理学家)(15) that learning takes place this way． Here takes English learning (16) example． First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy． Then your language study seems (17) the same，so you will think you're learning (18) and you may give up． This can last for days or even weeks，yet you needn't give up． At some points your language study will again take another big (19) ． You will see that you really have been: learning all long． lf you get enough sleep，food，rest and exercise，studying English can be very． effective and (20) Don-t give up along the way learning slowly and you're sure to agood result．( )11．A．daysB．timeC．hoursD．weeks
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you, can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you .In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions .The important position that best shows your se- cret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person .You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex- press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident. If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is .You usually live for today not for tomorrow. If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive .You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own. If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful. You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?A: In the daytime.B: At the beginning of sleep.C: At night.D: During the deep sleep.
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you, can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you .In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions .The important position that best shows your se- cret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person .You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex- press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident. If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is .You usually live for today not for tomorrow. If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive .You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own. If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful. You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. What does the word“defensive”mean in the passage?A: 易怒的B: 攻击性的C: 外向的D:有戒心的
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you, can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you .In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions .The important position that best shows your se- cret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person .You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex- press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident. If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is .You usually live for today not for tomorrow. If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive .You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own. If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful. You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends.She probably goes to sleep＿______.A: on curled upB:on her stomachC: on her backD: on her side
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you, can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you .In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions .The important position that best shows your se- cret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person .You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex- press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident. If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is .You usually live for today not for tomorrow. If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive .You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own. If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful. You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.What does the passage tell us?A: Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B: Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C:.Sleeping positions show people's secret personalities. D:.Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you, can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you .In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions .The important position that best shows your se- cret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person .You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex- press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident. If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is .You usually live for today not for tomorrow. If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive .You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own. If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful. You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.You may find the passage in_______.A: a science magazineB: a guide bookC: a sports newspaperD: a story book
共用题干I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood.______(46).If you don't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening,you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime.If you didn't nap after dinner,you would not want to stay up so late,and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill.______(47).This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day.You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal,engage in some sort of physical activity一a sport such as bowling,perhaps.______(48).Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier,and you should be able to get a good night's rest without taking a pill.If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way,I am sure you will feel less tired during the day.______(49).If so,get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy.If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later,get up but do not take a sleeping pill.Read a while or listen to the radio,and make yourself a few hours' sleep that night.You will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill.______ (50).The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.________（50）A:The key to your problem is that long nap after dinnerB:Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversationC:At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pillD:The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hourE:Having difficulty sleeping is a common problem shared by many people F: The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.Energy cycle may be inherited from your parents.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.If your energy peak is in the evening,you might like to get up late.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.if you rise earlier than usual,you will be more efficient at your low point in the morning.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.One can change his energy cycle once he make up his mind.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.People who find getting up in the morning difficult are lazy.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are"hot".That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak.For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar words as:"Get up, John!You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his tempera-ture-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes.Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.According to the passage,many family quarrels are resulted from awareness of different energy cycles.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.The factors affecting people's sleep time do not include____A.the social environment they live inB.their individual habitC.the assignment they would do with friendsD.the dramatic books they are immersed in
Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.From the discussion about moming,we can infer that____A.9-to-5 workday is not welcomed by most peopleB.most teenagers wake up too late to schoolC.what is the best time to get up is still uncertainD.school children are notorious for going to bed too late
Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.The paper published by the professors from University ofMichigan shows that____A.many people use smartphones before going to sleepB.the countries where people live may decide when they get upC.Japanese go to bed later and wake up laterD.people in some European countries enjoy longer sleep time
Text 4 When you go to bed,is it because you're tured or because you need to get up at a certain time and want to make sure you get enough sleep?Everyone has a chronotype,which is the sleep cycle that their body would naturally prefer,if left to its own devices.But society forces its own chronotype on people,too.Maybe your prefer to sleep from 2 a.m.t0 10 a.m.But if you have a typical 9-to-5 workday,to get eight hours,you'd probably need to sleep from something like 11 p.m.t0 7 a,m.Individuals'sleep is surely shaped by their jobs,their families,and their habits.But a new study shows that society can shape sleep broadly,on a population level,as well.In the paper,published in Science Advances,Olivia Walch,Amy Cochran,and Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan look at data gathered from a smartphone app to see how sleep cycles vary in different countries and among different demographics.What country people lived in didn't have any noticeable effect on when they woke up,but it was linked to what time they went to bed.And what time they went to bed was linked to how much sleep they got.So in the countries that got less sleep on average,like Japan and Brazil,it was because they were going to bed later,not because they were waking up earlier than people in countries that got more sleep on average,like the Netherlands and Belgium,where people have earlier bedtimes.But it's notable in pointing out bedtime as a problem area.A lot of the research and discussion about the tension between sleep and society has focused on the morning-how the 9-to-5 workday isn't suitable for everyone's internal clocks,how starting the school day later can help teens,who have notoriously late chronotypes,how exposing yourself to light in the moming can help keep your intemal clock wound in a way that promotes good sleep.Bedtime,meanwhile,seems like it should be more of a choice.You wake up to go somewhere,or to start fulfilling responsibilities,and you go to bed when you decide to,based on a complex calculus of how tired you are,how much sleep you want to get,and whether the chapter you were just reading in your book ended on a cliffhanger.But when people are deciding to go to bed differs significantly across societies,it seems there's something cultural at play here,too.The word"chronotype"（Para.2）is closest in meaning to_____A.the sleep cycle that body would naturally preferB.the time people would like to wake upC.the bedtime people choose for themselvesD.how long people sleep everyday
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A: Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.B: Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peak at different hours of day.C: Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D: Children have energy cycles,too.
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning,he should_______.A: change his energy cycleB: overcome his lazinessC:get up earlier than usualD:go to bed earlier
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A: Unawareness of energy cycles.B:Familiar monologues.C: A change in a family member's energy cycle.D: Attempts to work more efficiently during the cycle of other family members.
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.If a person finds getting up early a problem,most probably______.A: he is a lazy personB: he refuses to follow his own cycleC: he is not sure when his energy is lowD: he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
共用题干Energy CycleDo you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will_______.A: help to keep your energy for the day's workB: help you to control your temper early in the dayC: enable you to concentrate on your routine workD: keep your energy cycle under control all day
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping PositionsEveryone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?A: In the daytime.B: At the beginning of sleep.C: At night.D: During the deep sleep.
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping PositionsEveryone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends.She probably goes to sleep______.A: on curled upB: on her stomachC: on her backD: on her side
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping PositionsEveryone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. What does the word“defensive”mean in the passage?A: 易怒的B: 攻击性的C: 外向的D: 有戒心的
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping PositionsEveryone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry. You may find the passage in ______.A: a science magazineB: a guide bookC: a sports newspaperD: a story book
共用题干Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping PositionsEveryone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself,but when you're asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night,of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your se-cret personality is the one that you go to sleep.If you go to sleep on your back,you're a very open person.You nbrmally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don't like to make people unhappy,so you never ex-press your real feelings.You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You're usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don't often get unhappy .You always say what you think,even if it makes people angry.What does the passage tell us?A: Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B:Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.C: Sleeping positions show people's secret personalities.D: Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.