Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down --- say, after giving a bad lecture ——he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
参考解析
解析：大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的 虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的泰?本沙哈尔教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。”在本沙哈尔看来， 现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。 本沙哈尔会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他因搞砸了一场演讲而倍感郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是 很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。接着 为改进。他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后是看待问 题的角度，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。
相关考题：
–Would you like to join us for a picnic tomorrow?–() A、Thank you for inviting me.B、It's so kind of you.C、Yes, I'm happy to. What time?D、I'm afraid I can't.
Anders Moberg thought that if his salary had been announced earlier, _____.［A］ the board’s position would have become less difficult［B］ he would have agreed to the contract with Ahold［C］ more time could have been devoted to his recovery plan［D］ the shareholders wouldn’t have strongly opposed
The author's opinion on Machiavelli's History of Florence is that[A] history has much to do with the person who records it.[B] the charm lies in the style. rather than in the content.[ C] most people failed to read Machiavelli's intention in it.[D] any history of this kind should be written in this way.
()! Welcome to the party. Merry Christmas! It’s very kind of you to invite us. A、Happy birthdayB、Merry ChristmasC、CongratulationsD、Have a good day
— Would you like a cup of coffee?— __________________. A.It’s very kind of youB.No, I wouldn’tC.Yes, pleaseD.Here you are
阅读理解Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts between a few minutes and a few hours.This kind of loneliness is not serious.In fact, it’s quite normal.For some people, though, loneliness can last for years.Researchers say there’re three different kinds of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的).This is the most common type.It usually disappear quickly and does not require any special attention.The second kind, situational loneliness, is a result of a particular situation – for example, a family problem, or the death of a loved one.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually doe not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe.Chronic (长期的) loneliness lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there’s little they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease.While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad dangerous condition.6.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?()A.Talk to friends.B.Just ignore it.C.Go to see a doctor.D.Ask your teachers for guidance.7.“It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to() .A.temporary lonelinessB.situational lonelinessC.a family problemD.sleeplessness8.The topic of the fourth paragraph is that ().A.one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts.B.we depend on various people for different reasonsC.lonely people don’t have many social problemsD.lonely people don’t have many friends9.Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?()A.Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.B.Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness.C.Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.D.Chronic loneliness is a harmful to society.10.What is the best tile for the passage?()A.Three Kinds of Loneliness.B.Loneliness and Disease.C.Loneliness and Social Contacts.D.Chronic Loneliness.
— Do you think we should take our Japanese friends something? — () . A.I would be happy to bring some.B.Well, I wouldn't suggest taking food „C.You mustn't wear socks with shoes in them.
--Happy new year! -- ____________.A. Many thanksB. The same to youC. That’s OkD. That would be fine
The author's attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people's habits is（ ）[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biased
共用题干Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical.But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence ,and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. _________ (1) “The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn'tdo.The answer is:to put an end to an uncom- fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research- ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed.______(3)of the 15-to 16- year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds. “There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis- ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.______ (5)______(4)A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
共用题干Why would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.Under the right conditions,people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence , and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous. ________ (1)“The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is:to put an end to an uncom-fortable situation that will continue until he does confess.”Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to de- termine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.______(2)The research-ers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the“alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely con- fess:59% percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) of the 15-to 16-year-olds,72 percent signed confessions,as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13- year-olds.“There's no question that young people are more at risk,”says Saul Kassin,Professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.______(4)Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire“interrogation” in their experiments consis-ted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become con- vinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______(5)_______(5)A: In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing so would crash the systems.B:“In some ways,”says Kassin,“false confession becomes a rational decision.”C: “It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙的）drill , ” says Frank- lin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D:“But adults are highly vulnerable too.”E: How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F: Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
共用题干Women with AIDSFor a long time women with HIV were ignored because the focus was totally on HIV men.The gay community was very much in sight and vocal and successfully got support for its cause.Now we are rapidly approaching the point where about one half of all AIDS cases in the world are women .But no one is taking this dangerously high level of infection among women seriously enough.Women usually have a worse time dealing with HIV than men do.In most cases,the woman is taking care of children as well as her sick partner. She may not even have time to take care of her-self. The HIV- positive woman ends up shouldering the family as well as her own personal prob- lems.Men,however,are usually the ones who have insurance income and access to doctors.They get care.Women often do not.The discrimination against HIV-positive women is simply terrible.They are likely to be more inactive than men in home and workplace because too many people think that women are the cause of the discase .This is not at all true.They get it from a man.They don't just simply have HIV.Of cause,there's a social discrimination against all people with HIV.They are scared that other peo- ple will know they are HIV-positive and that they will,therefore be discriminated against.For ex-ample,it's very difficult for people with HIV to travel.They are not allowed to enter many coun- tries,including the United States,China and Russia.The biggest difficulty an HIV-positive woman must face is the isolation.Once the woman knows she's HIV-positive,she lives in fear that other people will find out. She's so frightened she will go into hiding,into an isolated place by herself. It's not at all uncommon to meet a woman who has been HIV-positive for nearly 10 years and has never told anyone,except her doctor. And the resulting stress is enough to make her sick.But HIV-positive women who get support,who can discuss their trouble and then do something about it-whether that means taking better care of them-selves or going to the United Nations to struggle for their rights-are likely to live longer. Active women don't die out of shame in a corner. This happens to too many HIV-positive women. HIV-positive women make up nearly half of all AIDS cases in the world.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
共用题干Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime?To most people,it just doesn't seem logical .But it is logical,say experts,if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation（审讯）room.Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible（易受影响的）to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings（盘问）is enormous.________(1) "The pressure is important to understand,because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do.The answer is:to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do.________(2)The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the"alt"key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falselyconfess : 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately comfessd.__________ (3) Of the 15 to 16 year olds, 72 percent signed confessions ,as did 78percent of the 1 2-to-1 3-year olds."There's no question that young people are more at risk, " says Saul Kassin, apsychology professor at Williams College,who has done similar studies with similar results.________(4)Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire"interrogation"in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation一not hours of aggressive questioning一and still,most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation,they conclude,suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.________(5)_________（4）A:In her experiment,participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the"alt" key,because doing so would crash the systems.B:"In some ways,"says Kassin,"false confession becomes a rational decision."C:" It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental（牙齿的）drill," says Franklin Zimring,a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.D:"But adults are highly vulnerable too."E:How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?F:Redlich also found that the younger the participant,the more likely a false confession.
共用题干Searching for Smiles1 Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be:"to be happy."Ed Deiner,an American psychology professor,has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy,comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.2 Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deinerhas one anyway."If you're a cheerful,happy person,your marriage is more likely to last,and you're more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average,happy people have stronger immune（免疫的）systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer."3 So who are the world's happiest people?It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness,the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there isalso the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner,the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.4 "In the West, the individualistic（个人主义的）culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves,what can I do that's fun orinteresting?They become unhappy when they can't do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy,they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong,then they are satisfied."5 People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture,Professor Deiner found."The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic（西班牙语言的）cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others."6 Income also made a big difference to people's happiness,but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.7 But can we be too happy? "You get people who are actually happy,but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier.This desire to be always happy isa product of individualism,where the emphasis is on you individually,your emotions and feeling good.People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them."Professor Deiner believes that a happy person is less prone（易患）to_________.A:a questionB:ordinary happinessC:individualismD:cultural differencesE:muchF:illnesses
共用题干Searching for Smiles1 Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be:"to be happy."Ed Deiner,an American psychology professor,has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy,comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.2 Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deinerhas one anyway."If you're a cheerful,happy person,your marriage is more likely to last,and you're more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average,happy people have stronger immune（免疫的）systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer."3 So who are the world's happiest people?It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness,the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there isalso the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner,the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.4 "In the West, the individualistic（个人主义的）culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves,what can I do that's fun orinteresting?They become unhappy when they can't do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy,they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong,then they are satisfied."5 People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture,Professor Deiner found."The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic（西班牙语言的）cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others."6 Income also made a big difference to people's happiness,but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.7 But can we be too happy? "You get people who are actually happy,but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier.This desire to be always happy isa product of individualism,where the emphasis is on you individually,your emotions and feeling good.People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them."Paragraph 2_________A:Happiest CultureB:An Unhappy PersonC:Definition of HappinessD:Cultural Differences in HappinessE:Reasons to Be HappyF:Individual and Ordinary Happiness
共用题干Searching for Smiles1 Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be:"to be happy."Ed Deiner,an American psychology professor,has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy,comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.2 Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deinerhas one anyway."If you're a cheerful,happy person,your marriage is more likely to last,and you're more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average,happy people have stronger immune（免疫的）systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer."3 So who are the world's happiest people?It depends on how the word is defined.There is individual happiness,the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there isalso the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner,the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.4 "In the West, the individualistic（个人主义的）culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves,what can I do that's fun orinteresting?They become unhappy when they can't do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy,they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong,then they are satisfied."5 People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture,Professor Deiner found."The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic（西班牙语言的）cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others."6 Income also made a big difference to people's happiness,but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.7 But can we be too happy? "You get people who are actually happy,but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier.This desire to be always happy isa product of individualism,where the emphasis is on you individually,your emotions and feeling good.People can end up feeling unhappy because ordinary happiness is not good enough for them."According to Professor Deiner,some people feel unhappy because they cannot appreciateA:a questionB:ordinary happinessC:individualismD:cultural differencesE:muchF:illnesses
单选题Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _____.Aa great effect on everyone’s intelligenceBsome effect on most people’s intelligenceCsome effect on a few people’s intelligenceDno effect on most people’s intelligence
单选题If it is impossible to avoid a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere，the most favorable place to be when the storm passes is in（）.Athe dangerous semicircleBthe eye (center) of the stormCthat half of the storm lying to the right of the storm's pathDthat half of the storm lying to the left of the storm's path
单选题—The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.—_____. He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.ASo would my grandpaBSo wouldn’t my grandpaCNeither would my grandpaDNor wouldn’t my grandpa
单选题Passage 2Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course,a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag-when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge-global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly citespatriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-time profit with long-range objective and blends pragmatism with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will.I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,says Fred Krupp.But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with______.Athe new book written by Fred KruppBhow America can fight against global warmingCthe harmful effects of global warmingDhow America can tide over economic crisis
单选题Shanghai is the most largest city by population in the People's Republic of China.AisBthe most largest cityCinDthe People's Republic of China
单选题Passage 2Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course,a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag-when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge-global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly citespatriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-time profit with long-range objective and blends pragmatism with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will.I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,says Fred Krupp.But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.What is the author's attitude towards America's policies on global warming？ACritical.BIndifferent.CSupportive.DCompromising.
单选题Passage 2Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course,a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag-when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge-global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly citespatriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-time profit with long-range objective and blends pragmatism with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will.I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,says Fred Krupp.But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.From the last sentence of Paragraph 2，we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms，the health of its people and the stability of its economy is________.Aof utmost importanceBa fight no one can winCbeyond people's imaginationDa less significant issue
单选题Passage 2Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course,a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag-when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge-global warming. The steady deterioration of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly citespatriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken America's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 years. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes short-time profit with long-range objective and blends pragmatism with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will.I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming,says Fred Krupp.But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.Judging from the context，the wordrub（Para.3）probably means________.AfrictionBcontradictionCconflictDproblem