While mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are serious mental health conditions that require treatment,short spells of bad moods are a normal part of the human experience.Be it advertising or social media,people have wrongly l happiness like a commodity,an end goal,or a permanent state of mind.2,allowing oneself to experience disappointment,frustration,longing,and other negative moods is 3 as part of our learning process.In some cases,a bad mood can 4 0ffer some benefits A new study from Canada found high-reactive individuals（i.e.people who feel bad moods more strongly）performed better on memory tests than their 5."It has been suggested that some of our thinking skills may 6 benefit from being in a bad mood because a bad mood 7 us to adopt a more analytic mindset and pay closer attention to detail,"said the lead author.Researchers believe there is a scientific 8 for the trope of the tortured artist or the idea that great creative works are 9 0ut of negative emotions more often than not.Take the example of music-from Fleetwood Mac's"Rumours"to Kanye West's"My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy,"some of the most 10 acclaimed albums of all time were created when their respective artists were experiencing emotional turmoil."In some cases,intense negative emotions can create powerful self-reflective thought and perseverance,11 increased creativity,"one study stated.So the next time you happen to be down in the dumps,try t0 12 it with a creative outlet 13 writing or painting.In the brain,negative moods are 14 to the presence of a threat.This results in heightened awareness,making us more 15 0f our surroundings i.e.paying more attention to social cues,body language,etc*This effect can put you in a better place to 16 intentions or actions and notice 17 someone is trying to deceive you.18,past research has presented some surprising findings,linking a slightly negative mood with lower 19 to stereotype other people.People in a good mood may be prone to stereotyping-which is classified 20 a form of"heuristic processing"by cognitive psychologists.15选？A.fondB.worthyC.mindfulD.ignorant
While mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are serious mental health conditions that require treatment,short spells of bad moods are a normal part of the human experience.Be it advertising or social media,people have wrongly l happiness like a commodity,an end goal,or a permanent state of mind.2,allowing oneself to experience disappointment,frustration,longing,and other negative moods is 3 as part of our learning process.In some cases,a bad mood can 4 0ffer some benefits A new study from Canada found high-reactive individuals（i.e.people who feel bad moods more strongly）performed better on memory tests than their 5."It has been suggested that some of our thinking skills may 6 benefit from being in a bad mood because a bad mood 7 us to adopt a more analytic mindset and pay closer attention to detail,"said the lead author.Researchers believe there is a scientific 8 for the trope of the tortured artist or the idea that great creative works are 9 0ut of negative emotions more often than not.Take the example of music-from Fleetwood Mac's"Rumours"to Kanye West's"My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy,"some of the most 10 acclaimed albums of all time were created when their respective artists were experiencing emotional turmoil."In some cases,intense negative emotions can create powerful self-reflective thought and perseverance,11 increased creativity,"one study stated.So the next time you happen to be down in the dumps,try t0 12 it with a creative outlet 13 writing or painting.In the brain,negative moods are 14 to the presence of a threat.This results in heightened awareness,making us more 15 0f our surroundings i.e.paying more attention to social cues,body language,etc*This effect can put you in a better place to 16 intentions or actions and notice 17 someone is trying to deceive you.18,past research has presented some surprising findings,linking a slightly negative mood with lower 19 to stereotype other people.People in a good mood may be prone to stereotyping-which is classified 20 a form of"heuristic processing"by cognitive psychologists.15选？
A.fond
B.worthy
C.mindful
D.ignorant
B.worthy
C.mindful
D.ignorant
参考解析
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。空格后“即更注意社交讯号、肢体语言等（i．e．paying more attention to social cues，body language，etc）”是对空格部分“使我们更周围环境（making us more____of our surroundings）”的解释说明，更注意社交讯号、肢体语言是更加注意观察周围环境，C.mindful符合文意，这也与空格前“意识提高（即警惕性提高）”的文意相契合。
相关考题：
Typical disorder of depression is a conviction of () A、guiltB、worthlessC、poor self-esteemD、apathy
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The teenage years should be the best years of your life!Young people often hear adults say this, but many teenagers disagree. They simply don’t feel like they’re in the midst of their best years. The pressures of school exams and concerns about relationships with family and friends create a great deal of stress for the average teenager. Many find ways to cope with the stress. But for a large number of teens, their problems seem impossible to deal with. When this happens, the young person may fall into depression.In mainland China, a survey found that 16 percent of college students suffered from fear, anxiety, or depression. Increasing mental health problems have prompted the government to look for possible solutions.This growing trend extends beyond Asia, too. Studies in the U.S. and the UK show that teenage depression is on the rise. A 2004 report stated that emotional problems among Britain’s youth have increased by 70 percent over the past 25 years.Faced with these startling numbers, mental health professionals are hoping to raise awareness. Depression can range from mild unhappiness to thoughts of suicide. For this reason, adults should take the illness seriously. Parents can do this by learning about the causes and symptoms of teen depression.Some factors that may lead to teenage depression are:●Overwhelming expectations by parents and other adults●Parental separation or divorce●Death of a loved one●Moving to a new location●Physical illnessMost of the time when teens are depressed, there’something wrong in their lives, says UCLA psychology professor Constance Hammen. Kids often get depressed because bad things happen to them that they don’t have the coping skills to deal with.If you are experiencing any symptoms of depression, you need to talk with someone. There’s no shame in being depressed. Most people suffer from it at one time or another.Unfortunately , feelings of depression may cause you to feel hopeless about your life and your future. But another person can help you put things in perspective.(1)In paragraphs 3 and 4, a survey in mainland China and a 2004 report are mentioned to ______________.A、indicate the contrast between mainland China and UKB、show teenage depression is a serious problem in mainland ChinaC、show teenage depression is a growing problem in UKD、indicate teenage depression is a growing problem in many countries.(2)Why do kids often get depressed according to Constance Hammen?A、Because bad things often happen to them.B、Because there’s something wrong in their life.C、Because they can’t deal with the problems.D、Because they are weak.(3)All of the following can fall into the category of depression EXCEPT __________.A、stressB、mild unhappinessC、some mental or emotional problemsD、thoughts of suicide(4)If you feel depressed, you should __________.A、be ashamedB、feel hopelessC、talk to someoneD、enjoy your best years(5)The word it in the last paragraph refers to ______________.A、a problemB、depressionC、shameD、a disease
A 21-year-old woman come to emergency room,she states that for past 2 days she experienced muscle ache, insomnia,diarrhea,sweating and depression mood. The patient have been used heroin 2 years, which of the following treatment is bestA、benzodiazepineB、antipsychoticC、antidepressant drugD、methadoneE、clinical observation
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共用题干13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder______.A: has no positive effect at allB: is unavailable to most sufferersC: tends to be refused by the sufferersD: can lead to improvement in the sufferers'lives
共用题干13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.What do people with social anxiety disorder think of their fear?A: They think it's beyond their control.B: They think it's beneficial.C: They think it's controllable.D: They think it's justified.
共用题干13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.The symptoms of social anxiety disorder include all the following EXCEPT______.A: heart palpitationsB: sore throatC: sweatingD: blushing
共用题干13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.People with social anxiety disorder are known for their fear of______.A: being left aloneB: leading normal livesC: embarrassing other peopleD: facing social or performance situations
共用题干15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,”she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Rose noted.“But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medi- cal School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do nor-mal activities.In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted. People with the disorder think that their fear is______.A: justifiedB:.beneficialC:.beyond controlD: controllable
共用题干15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,”she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Rose noted.“But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medi- cal School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do nor-mal activities.In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted. All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder EXCEPT______.A:.heart palpitationsB: sweatingC:.sore throatD:.blushing
共用题干Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says thatBreslau's study________than Goodman's but lasted longer.A:have been proved to be misleadingB:but to their mental health as wellC:taking up smokingD:involved fewer peopleE:they started to smoke at an early ageF: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking
共用题干Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says thatParagraph 6_______A:Doubt about the Usual Belief.B:Researchers' Opinion Divided.C:Positive Effects of Smoking as Advertised.D:Close Association Between Depression and Smoking.E:Breslau's Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study.F:Effect of Smoking on Mental Health Initially Proved.
共用题干Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says thatNowadays many doFtors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to people's physical health_______.A:have been proved to be misleadingB:but to their mental health as wellC:taking up smokingD:involved fewer peopleE:they started to smoke at an early ageF: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking
共用题干15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,”she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Rose noted.“But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medi- cal School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do nor-mal activities.In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted. Which of the following is not true of the people with social anxiety disorder?A: They find difficult to make friends.B: They tend to judge or criticize other people.C: They are often isolated and ashamed.D: They frequently fail to get timely treatment.
共用题干Disease,Diagnosis,Treatment and PreventionDisease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions.There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease,the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness-that is, make a diagnosis.A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together.The doctor must know the symptoms,which are the changes in body function felt by the patient;and the signs(also called objective symptoms)which the doctor himself can observe.Sometimes a characteristic group of signs(or symptoms)accompanied a given disease.Such a group is called a syndrome.Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurses do not diagnose,they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs,encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms,and then reporting this in- formation to the doctor.Once the patient's disorder is known,the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy.Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician's orders.In recent years physicians,nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention.Throughout most of medical history,the physician's aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease.However,the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens-to keep people well through the promotion of health.A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization(WHO)on an international level down to local private and community health programs.A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health-physical and mental.Generally speaking,the physician is more willing to treat patients'physical disease than their mental illness.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第三篇When Fear Takes Control of the MindA panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long,but it may feel like forever. The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane.And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before.A fast heart beat. Sweaty hands.Difficulty in breathing. A light一headed feeling. At first a person may have no idea what is wrong. But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder. The first appearance usually is between the ages of 18 and 25.In some cases it develop3 after a tragedy,like the death of a loved one,or some other difficult situation.In the United States,the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are af- fected in any one-year period.The American Psychological Association says panic disorder is twice more like- ly in women than men.And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime.Panic attacks can be dangerous一for example,if a person is driving at the time.The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is so long and so high over the water,and it is famous for scaring motorists. There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across.Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia,a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack.But experts say panic disorder can be treated. Doctors might suggest anti-anxiety or anti-depressant medicines.Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack.There are breathing methods,for example,that might help a person calm down.Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders.A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases.It says these include thyroid disease,lung and stomach prob- lems,arthritis,migraine headaches and allergic conditions.Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder. However,they say,exactlyhow the two are connected remains unknown.The report in the Archives of Internal Medicine came from a German health study of more than 4 ,000 adalts.According to a study,all of the following diseases may be associated with anxiety disorder EXCEPT_________.A:cancer diseasesB:allergic conditionsC:thyroid problemsD:lung and stomach troubles
共用题干第二篇DepressionAlthough the stigma（耻辱）once associated with mental illness has gradually gone away in recent years,most of the Americans who have clinical depression still don't get treated for it partly because many are too embarrassed to go to a psychologist. In fact,the majority of depressed people who seek professional help turn first not to a psychologist but to their primary care physician.But do regular doctors really know how to identify depression?A large new scientific review suggests they don't. In a review of 41 previous studies,the authors found that general practitioners make frequent mistakes,missing true cases of depression about half the time and incorrectly diagnosing it in 19%of healthy people.Alex Mitchell,Amol Vaze and Sanjay Rao of Leicester General Hospital in the U.K. estimate that about 1 in 5 people in developed nations will experience depression in their lifetime.That means that among a general patient population of 100,about 20 will develop the condition,but the typical doctor will find it in only 10 of those who have it. And among the 80 healthy people,the doctor will incorrectly identify depression in 15.This is significant because depression can make the patient and his or her family weak.Depression also carries an enormous social burden,leading to missed work days,loss of productivity and increases in health-care spending. Further,those misdiagnosed with depression may end up being prescribed medicine that not only costs a lot but can have serious side effects.The various studies that Mitchell,Vaze and Rao reviewed used different methods to verify whether doctors had missed depression in their patients.Virtually all the studies pointed to the same conclusion:general physicians aren't very good at recognizing the most common mental illness in the world.Why?One reason is that the typical doctor visit is quite short,usually no longer than 15 minutes.It's hard for patients to open up about their symptoms during that brief period.Doctors should spend more time or schedule follow-up appointments with patients they suspect have depression, which would dramatically increase the rate of accurate diagnoses.According to the passage,depression can result in________.A:worse family relationship B:refusal by the societyC:large medical expense D:serious side effects
Stress makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing,try to relax,and become calm again．Too much stress results in physical,emotional,and mental health problems.There are numerous physical effects of stress．Stress can affect the heart．It can increase the pulse rate,make the heart miss beats,and can cause high blood pressure．Stress can affect the respiratory system．It can lead to asthma．It can cause a person to breathe too fast,resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide．Stress can affect the stomach．It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food．These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.Emotions are also easily affected by stress．People suffering from stress often feel anxious．They may have panic attacks．They may feel tired all the time．When people are under stress,they often overreact to little problems．For example,a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice．Stress can make people angry,moody,or nervous.Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses．Depression,an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness,can be the result of continued and increasing stress．Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress．Eating disorders,such as anorexia,are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress．If stress is allowed to continue,then one's mental health is put at risk.It is obvious that stress is a serious problem．It attacks the body．So,reduce stress:stop the world and rest for a while.Stress can affect the respiratory system by__.A.decreasing the pulse rateB.a loss of carbon dioxideC.causing breathing problemsD.causing asthma
共用题干DepressionEveryone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.Paragraph 5_________A:What is depressionB:Signs and symptoms of depressionC:What causes depressionD:Illness that co-exist with depressionE:How do women experience depressionF:Several forms of depression
共用题干DepressionEveryone occasionally feels blue or sad.But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days.Depression is a common but serious illness.Major depression prevents a person from functioning normally.It interferes with a person's ability to work,sleep,study,eat,and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.Minor depression is character-ized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment,people with minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.The severity,frequency,and duration of symptoms vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.They include persistent sad,anxious,feelings of hopelessness,guilt,worth-lessness,or helplessness,loss of interest in activities or hobbies once-pleasurable,fatigue and decreased energy,difficulty in concentrating,remembering details,and making decisions,insomnia, early-morning wakefulness,or excessive sleeping,suicide attempts.Depression also may occur with other serious medical illnesses such as heart disease,stroke, cancer,HI V/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease.Depression is related to a combination of genetic,biological,environmental,and psychological factors.Research indicates that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain.Brain-imaging tech-nologies,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),have shown that the brains of people who have depression look different than those of people without depression.Some types of depression tend to run in families.In addition,trauma,loss of a loved one,a difficult relationship,or any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode.Biological,life cycle,hormonal,and psychosocial factors that women experience may be related to women's higher depression rate.For example,women are especially vulnerable to developing postpartum depression after giving birth.Besides,during the transition into menopause,some women experience an increased risk for depression.It is still unclear,though,why some women faced with enormous challenges develop depression,while others with similar challenges do not.Some women experience an increased risk for depression when_________.A:feelings of guilt or worthlessnessB:developing postpartum depression after giving birthC:going through a transition into menopauseD:symptoms for 2 weeks that is slightly different from major depressionE:his family member has depression tooF: heart disease,stroke,cancer,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,and Parkinson's disease
共用题干Geology and Health1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades,and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine,zinc and selenium. For example,soils with low iodine contents produce crops,and animals deficient in iodine.A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.2.The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks,which weather into soil.gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth .The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemis-try and health of plants,animals and people.3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems.Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled.However,small chil-dren are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.4. Heavy metals are persistent:they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.5.In contrast,naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures,despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.6.There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body.Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution. Paragraph 1______A:.No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB:.Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC: Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD: Geology and health problemsE:.Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollutionF: Long-term health effects on children
Moods,say the experts,are feelings that are likely to become fixed,having effects on one′s outlook（way of looking at things）for hours,days or even weeks.That′s great if your mood is a pleasant one,but a problem if you are sad,anxious,angry or simply lonely.Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out;sometimes,though,there is no one to listen.Modern pharmacology（药物学）offers a lot tranquilizers（镇定剂）and anti-anxiety drugs.What many people don′t realize,however,is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug methods to make you free from an unwanted mood.These can be just as useful as drugs,and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous.So next time you feel out of sorts,don′t head for the drug store--try the following method.Of all the mood-changing self-help techniques,aerobic exercise seems to be the best cure for a bad mood."If you could keep the exercise,you′d be in high spirits,"says Kathryn Lance,author of Running for Health and Beauty.Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as mood-raiser.Physical work such as housework,however,does little.The key is aerobic exercise--running,cycling,walking,swimming,or other repetitive and sustained activities that increase the heart rate and circulation（循环）,and improve the body′s use of oxygen.Do them for at least 20 minutes a time,three to five times a week.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.when one is in a bad mood,he or she may not work very wellB.the best way to overcome a bad mood is to talk to oneselfC.some drugs are more effective than physical exercisesD.taking drug~is at the risk of being poisonous
Moods,say the experts,are feelings that are likely to become fixed,having effects on one′s outlook（way of looking at things）for hours,days or even weeks.That′s great if your mood is a pleasant one,but a problem if you are sad,anxious,angry or simply lonely.Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out;sometimes,though,there is no one to listen.Modern pharmacology（药物学）offers a lot tranquilizers（镇定剂）and anti-anxiety drugs.What many people don′t realize,however,is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug methods to make you free from an unwanted mood.These can be just as useful as drugs,and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous.So next time you feel out of sorts,don′t head for the drug store--try the following method.Of all the mood-changing self-help techniques,aerobic exercise seems to be the best cure for a bad mood."If you could keep the exercise,you′d be in high spirits,"says Kathryn Lance,author of Running for Health and Beauty.Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as mood-raiser.Physical work such as housework,however,does little.The key is aerobic exercise--running,cycling,walking,swimming,or other repetitive and sustained activities that increase the heart rate and circulation（循环）,and improve the body′s use of oxygen.Do them for at least 20 minutes a time,three to five times a week.What is the main subject of the passage?A.How to beat a bad mood.B.How to talk bad moods out.C.How to do physical exercises.D.How to do aerobic exercise.
Moods,say the experts,are feelings that are likely to become fixed,having effects on one′s outlook（way of looking at things）for hours,days or even weeks.That′s great if your mood is a pleasant one,but a problem if you are sad,anxious,angry or simply lonely.Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out;sometimes,though,there is no one to listen.Modern pharmacology（药物学）offers a lot tranquilizers（镇定剂）and anti-anxiety drugs.What many people don′t realize,however,is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug methods to make you free from an unwanted mood.These can be just as useful as drugs,and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous.So next time you feel out of sorts,don′t head for the drug store--try the following method.Of all the mood-changing self-help techniques,aerobic exercise seems to be the best cure for a bad mood."If you could keep the exercise,you′d be in high spirits,"says Kathryn Lance,author of Running for Health and Beauty.Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as mood-raiser.Physical work such as housework,however,does little.The key is aerobic exercise--running,cycling,walking,swimming,or other repetitive and sustained activities that increase the heart rate and circulation（循环）,and improve the body′s use of oxygen.Do them for at least 20 minutes a time,three to five times a week."Feel out of sorts",as it is used in the second paragraph,could best be replaced by__________.A.pat things in orderB.are in a bad moodC.search for tranquilizersD.want a mood-raiser
单选题Play being recognized as an important factor improving mental and physical health andthereby reducing human misery and poverty.ABy recognizing play asBTheir recognizing play asCRecognition of it beingDPlay is recognized as
单选题Which of the following is true about mental health and physical health?AMental health is better than physical health.BNeither is of great significance.CBoth are equally important.DPhysical health counts more than mental health.