单选题Snow has obliterated surface features and the sky is covered with uniform，altostratus clouds. There are no shadows and the horizon has disappeared. What is this condition called? （）AIce blinkBWhiteoutCWater skyDAurora reflection
单选题
Snow has obliterated surface features and the sky is covered with uniform，altostratus clouds. There are no shadows and the horizon has disappeared. What is this condition called? （）
A
Ice blink
B
Whiteout
C
Water sky
D
Aurora reflection
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Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness.Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light". The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country.Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area.So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at.Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches.Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs.The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs.And the result is total,even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem.Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape.Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something.Their gaze is arrested.Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow- blanketed landscape.By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow withoutbecoming hopelessly snowblind or lost.In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome.The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because______.A．tears cover the eyeballsB．the eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlightC．the eyes are annoyed by blinding snowD．there is nothing to focus on
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness． Yet, dark glasses or not,they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light"．The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country． Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain． So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at． Finding nothing,hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye musclesache． Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball． The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is observed, and the result istotal, even though temporary, snow-blindness．Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem． Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape． Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus． The men following can then see something．Their gaze is arrested． Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape． By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost． In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome．?The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to__________ ．A.give the men behind something to seeB.beautify the landscapeC.warm themselves in the coldD.prevent the men behind from losing their way
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Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness． Yet, dark glasses or not,they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light"．The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country． Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain． So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at． Finding nothing,hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye musclesache． Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball． The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is observed, and the result istotal, even though temporary, snow-blindness．Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem． Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape． Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus． The men following can then see something．Their gaze is arrested． Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape． By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost． In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome．To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are__________ ．A.indispensibleB.usefulC.ineffectiveD.available
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness． Yet, dark glasses or not,they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light"．The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country． Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain． So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at． Finding nothing,hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye musclesache． Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball． The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is observed, and the result istotal, even though temporary, snow-blindness．Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem． Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape． Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus． The men following can then see something．Their gaze is arrested． Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape． By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost． In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome．A suitable title for this passage would be __________ ．A.Snow-Blindness and How to Overcome ItB.Nature's Cure for Snow BlindnessC.Soldiers in the SnowD.Snow Vision
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共用题干New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?A: Soot.B: Snow.C: Greenhouse gases.D:.Wind.
共用题干New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.“This forcing” in Paragraph 5 refers to_____.A: sun's heating on snow surfaceB: soot's increased absorption of solar energyC: carbon-dioxide's warming effectD: snow's increased reflection of sunlight
共用题干Where Did the Earth's Water Come From?Earth is located within the"snow line"of the solar system,the region closest to the Sun where H2 0 is primarily in liquid or gaseous form,if at all.______(46)The snow line phenomena is reflected in the water content of planets like Mercury,Venus,and Mars. Water is absent on Mercury.On Venus,H2O only exists as a trace element in the atmosphere.Mars only has a thin veneer of ice in its polar regions.In general,water is rare within the snow line.Why does Earth have so much water relative to the other inner planets?71%of the surface is covered in the oceans,more than half of which is deeper than 3,000 meters,with an approximate total volume of 1.3 billion cu km.______(47)There are various theories as to where all the Earth's water came from,but several theories have fared better than the others.______(48)When the Earth was in the process of forming,with a radius just 40%smaller than at present,it would have had enough gravity to hold on to a tenuous atmosphere with water vapor. The first water vapor on the planet would have come from the planet's internals,where volatile(low weight)chemicals would have a tendency to float to the top,and heavy chemicals(iron and nickel)would sink.Though the first of Earth's water came about through volcanism,this alone probably didn't produce enough to form stable pools on the surface.______(49)Comparing the isotope ratios of water on Earth and water from comets and asteroids has revealed that the majority of the Earth's water comes from asteroids.Throughout its history,Earth's water has increased in volume due to biological processes. In the early seas of Earth,hydrogen sulfide would have been in great supply,which,when reacted with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis in sulfide-reducing bacteria,would have produced hydrogen,sulfur,and water.______(50)________（49）A: More water was added to the planet during several hypothesized large impacts from asteroids from the outer asteroid belt.B:We know that the oceans existed as early as 100 million years after the formation of the Earth.C:Still,the oceans only make up 0.023%of the Earth's total mass.D:Astronomers say Earth s water may have come from space.E:The snow line is located in the outerasteroid belt,between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. F: Many geologists believe that the majority of Earth's water generated through this process.
共用题干New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?A: It absorbs sun's heat.B: It is responsible for climate change.C: It reflects sunlight.D:.It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century.
共用题干New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight re- flects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth,where ice is more common , absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy,white background. Dark-colored black carbon,or soot, absorbs sunlight,while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increase,as the soot becomes more con-centrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback,as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.”said Dr. James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies,New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）,which may be contributing to trends to-ward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glac-iers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said. Soot's increased absorp-tion of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate.“ This forcing is unusual-ly effective,causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magni-tude.”Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century .Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations,which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?A: Ice sea areas.B: Areas with black carbon.C: Areas covered with white snow.D: Melting glaciers.
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