名词解释题embryonic stem cell，ES (胚胎干细胞)
名词解释题
embryonic stem cell，ES (胚胎干细胞)
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相关考题：
对于STEM教育,以下选项中不正确的理解是()。 A、STEM教育强调全社会共同参与教育创新实践B、STEM教育强调跨学科C、STEM教育面向所有学生并培养综合素质D、STEM教育注重传统知识的灌输
提出造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell，HSC)概念的依据是A、造血干细胞是由胚胎干细胞发育而来B、维持体内恒定的血细胞数量C、1961年Till等在小鼠体内发现了造血干细胞D、1979年，体外培养人造血祖细胞成功E、采用天然的细胞标志纯化造血干细胞和发展体外造血干细胞培养技术
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
同源重组（homologous recombination）与胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell）结合起来，创造了基因打靶技术（gene targeting），并得到基因敲除模型，获得了（）年的诺贝尔奖A、2006B、2007C、2008D、2009
问答题Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics. If their report is accepted by ministers, it would mean that Britain—which 20 years ago pioneered the test tube baby and last year produced Dolly, the world’s first cloned mammal—could be the first to clone a human embryo. A working party from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and the Human Genetics Advisory Commission is expected to come down firmly against reproductive cloning, the process of replicating a living human being. It is expected to recommend government support of so called stem ceils. Stem cells are extracted and used to grow spare parts, treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s or address the debilitating effects of cancer, strokes and heart attacks. Dr Austin Smith, the scientist likely to be granted the first licence for the work, said that within the next 12 years it would be routine for every baby to have an embryonic clone. “All it takes now is financial investment,” said Smith, director of Edinburgh University’s centre for genome research. The crucial discovery of embryonic stem cells, from which skin, bone, muscles, nerves and vital organs grow, was made earlier this month by scientists in America. In a submission to the HFEA, Smith said that in order to isolate these cells it is only necessary for the embryo to develop in the laboratory for six days, well within the 14-day limit of current regulation. The cells would then be grown and manipulated to make anything from blood or brain cells to tissue for repairing damaged organs and, ultimately, parts that could be transplanted without fear of the host body rejecting them. The development is likely to meet strong opposition from the church. Dr Donald Bruce, Director of the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the church of Scotland Said that creating an embryo in the knowledge that it would then be destroyed was “very disturbing” to most people. Father Paul Murray, secretary to the Catholic bishops joint bio-ethics committee, said that whatever the potential benefits, it should be regarded as “intrinsically evil” because the research depended on the use of foetal material. However, Professor Christine Gosden, professor of genetic medicine at Liverpool University, one of the four senior government advisers on the cloning sub-committee, said there would be no opportunity for abuse. For many years, patients with Parkinson’s disease who did not respond to drugs have been treated with brain cells extracted from aborted foetuses, a practice approved by a committee led by the Rev Dr John Polkinghorne, the prominent ethicist. Gosden said the arguments for the use of aborted foetal cells and therapeutic cloning were similar: “Before you have a disease, it is easy to say, ‘I would not use cells derived from a foetus’, but if you suffer from that disease, and that is your only hope, your approach can be quite different.” 1. What is the new form of cloning discussed in the passage? What is the purpose of such cloning? 2. Summarise the different views on embryo cloning discussed in the passage. 3. Explain the statement “All it takes now is financial investment.” in para. 6. 4. What is the significance of the discovery of embryonic stem cells?
单选题同源重组（homologous recombination）与胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell）结合起来，创造了基因打靶技术（gene targeting），并得到基因敲除模型，获得了（）年的诺贝尔奖A2006B2007C2008D2009
名词解释题Embryonic stem cell