单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because ____ .Ait reduced cash payment in MissounBit offered a randomly controlled environmentCit helped to extend electronic transfers to the stateDit saw a concurrent decline in crimes
单选题
请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because ____ .
A
it reduced cash payment in Missoun
B
it offered a randomly controlled environment
C
it helped to extend electronic transfers to the state
D
it saw a concurrent decline in crimes
参考解析
解析：
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What’S the main idea of the passage7A．Laser light treatment of heart disease should take the place of the traditional operatlon．B．Laser light treatment has been proved better and more effective than the traditional operation．C．More advanced technology should be encouraged to try on．D．Laser light treatment of heart disease still needs’more research．
The passage mainly tells us that______.A. money is the most important thingB. there is something more important than moneyC. we should look into their eyes while talking to peopleD. the more money you have, the less happy you would be
单选题The author of Passage 1 refers to the hunter-gatherer primarily to suggest that ______.Ahuman history is more violent than we are inclined to acknowledgeBour human ancestors were more focused on acquiring food than on establishing social structuresCthe human faculty of intuition has evolved considerably since the time of our ancient ancestorsDeven our earliest ancestors were highly introspectiveEhuman cognition developed to serve immediate survival needs
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.Which of the following cannot explain why cash is critical to the health of an underground economy?ACash is anonymous.BCash is hardly traceable.CCash is easily stolen.DCash is the lifeblood of the black market.
单选题In this passage, the author tells us _____.Ahow to make the workers more productiveBimpossible factors leading to greater efficiencyCto what extent more money leads to greater productivityDhow to make workers’ jobs more interesting
单选题（）, so they are widely used on board ship nowadays.ADiesel engines have more advantages in comparison with gasoline enginesBDiesel engines have more advantages in comparison to gasoline enginesCGasoline engines have more advantages in comparison with diesel enginesDGasoline engines have more advantages in comparison to diesel engines
单选题The purpose of the passage is to _____.Aadvertise the iMOVE databaseBmake German companies more popularChire overseas employees to work in GermanyDencourage people to learn more foreign languages
单选题We can learn from the passage that ______ .Aall the American children have used the latest technology in schoolsBcomputers and the Internet are very popular with AmericansCAmericans tend to place more importance in the Internet usage than computersDthe public in America do not hate the Internet problems
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.The City of the Future What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They predict that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This overcrowding will cause other problems—more crime, dirtier streets, and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in urban areas. How can we solve such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is so little suitable housing—and because rents are so high. The crime rate isn’t going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don’t move at all for several blocks. These urban problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. Los Angeles, California, for instance, has no subway system and the buses are slow. Instead, most commuters drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, by contrast, has a mass transit system—buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, however, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than in Los Angeles. On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast, and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use mass transit to move quickly from one part of the city to another. The disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city—that is, cities all over the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that provide people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U.S. cities are rebuilding their downtown areas. Urban planners can learn from one another. They can try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world. Summary: Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They say that cities will become more and more crowded and many other problems will be caused by this 1 Due to the hard life, people do not want to live in 2 These urban problems such as overcrowding, crime and traffic have been getting worse, so many people 3 for the future of the city. However, these disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city. All the cities all over the world must solve the problems and fortunately, many of them have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. For example, 4 or London has planned communities providing people with apartments, jobs and so on. Besides, many U. S. cities 5 In a word, solutions that have been successful in a place should be adopted and tried in another place.
单选题What is the main idea of this passage?AHow regret is understood by a typical American.BCommon regret is more important than love and hate.CWhy regret is more important than love and hate.DHow regret has shaped Americans.
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题 。Passage 1First two hours, now three hours-this ishow far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch adomestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massivesecurity lines.Americans are willing to toleratetime-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash ofEgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of airtravelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans ' economicand private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation SecurityAdministration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators wereable to sneak weapons-both fake and real-past airport security nearly everytime they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise inairline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resultedin long waits at major airports such as Chicago ' s O ' Hare International. Itis not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but thelines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the governmentdid not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is nowrushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airportshave only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that morepeople are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggagefees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take thatwould not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people inthe PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers andthe TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expectedscreening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus. on travelers who are higherrisk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 millionpeople in PreCheck.Ithas not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck ' s fatal flaw. Upcomingreforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress shouldlook into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or tocut costs in other ways.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AGetting Stuck in Security LinesBPreCheck-a Belated SolutionCLess Screening for More SafetyDUnderused PreCheck Lanes
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.The shift away from cash in Missouri's counties resulted in ____.Aan unobvious decrease in the overall crime rateBa decrease in certain crimes such as robbery and rapeCa decline in crimes related to the use ofcashDa decline in overall crimes
单选题It can be concluded from the passage that _____.Aphysical strength is more important for sportspersons’ successBtraining conditions are more important for sportspersons’ successCgenes are more important for sportspersons’ successDpsychological conditions are more important for sportspersons’ success
单选题During the Clinton presidency, the U.S. enjoyed more than any time in its history peace and economic well being.Athe U.S. enjoyed more than any time in its history peace and economic well beingBthe U.S. enjoying more than any other time in its history peace and economic well beingCmore peace and economic well being was enjoyed by the U.S. than any other timeDeconomic peace and well being was enjoyed by the U.S. more so than any other ~ time in the country’s historyEthe U.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well being than at any other time in its history
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this text?AWhy has Crime in America Declined since the 1990sBHow the Decline of Cash Makes America a Safer CountryCThe Impacts of the Decline of Cash in AmericaDThe Relations between Cash and Crime
单选题What is “media multi-complexity” according to the passage?AThe more media used, the more complicated the contact.BPhone, email and in-person contacts make matters complex.CThe more email contact, the more phone and in-person contact.DThe more in-person contact, the more phone and email contact.
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21~25小题。Passage 1Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment, and so on.The real answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an underground economy, because it's anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers. They didn't switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the researchers, who studied Missouri's counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with a sigpificant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specific offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests. In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting that the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cash's availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.It can be learned from the last paragraph that ____.Athe government is advised to advocate cashless paymentsBAmerica has become a cashless societyCmost people now send their friends money by emailDit is absurd to fight against crime by using Visa, Square, and Google Wallet
单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?ATransporting goods and people is the most important technology in the history of mankind.BTechnology in transporting goods and people has changed human conditions more than anything else.CTechnology in spreading information has changed human conditions more than transportation technology.DTechnology in spreading information can’t change the economic development of society.
单选题The minister（）the latest crime figures as proof of the need for more police.AreferredBrecruitedCcitedDimported
单选题What advantage does Room 402 have over auditorium 2?AIt can seat more people.BIt has better technology.CIts seats are more comfortable.DIt was recently refurbished.
问答题Practice 4 The answer is, in a sense, all in our minds. For the last century, our society’s basic drive has been toward more—toward a bigger national economy, toward more stuff for each of us. And it’ s worked. Our economy is enormous; our houses are enormous. We are living large. All that more is created by using cheap energy and hence built on carbon dioxide (CO2)—which makes up 72% of all greenhouse gases. Some pollutants decrease as we get richer. But carbon dioxide consistency tracks economic growth. As Harvard economist Friedman concluded last year, CO2 is “the one major environmental contaminant for which no study has ever found any indication of improvement as living standards rise.” This means that if we’re going to cope with global warming, we may also have to cope with the end of infinite economic expansion. That sounds gloomy, but maybe not. New data suggest that we’ve been overstating the issue for many decades. We made an assumption that more was better. It seemed a reasonable thinking. But in recent years, economists, sociologists and other researchers have begun to question that link. Indeed, they’re finding that at least since the 1950’s, more material prosperity has yielded little increase in humans’ satisfaction.
单选题The passage tells us that _____.AHIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedBpeople know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesCAIDS continues to rage more wildly in Africa than in AsiaDHIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U.S.
单选题The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting _____.Athey will want more moneyBthey will demand shorter working hoursCmore money and shorter working hours are important factorsDmore money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them
单选题请阅读 Passage 1,完成第 21~25小题 。Passage 1First two hours, now three hours-this ishow far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch adomestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massivesecurity lines.Americans are willing to toleratetime-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash ofEgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of airtravelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans ' economicand private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation SecurityAdministration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators wereable to sneak weapons-both fake and real-past airport security nearly everytime they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise inairline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resultedin long waits at major airports such as Chicago ' s O ' Hare International. Itis not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but thelines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the governmentdid not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is nowrushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airportshave only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that morepeople are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggagefees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take thatwould not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people inthe PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers andthe TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expectedscreening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus. on travelers who are higherrisk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 millionpeople in PreCheck.Ithas not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck ' s fatal flaw. Upcomingreforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress shouldlook into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or tocut costs in other ways.The word "expedited" (Para. 5) is closest in meaning to______.AquieterBfasterCwiderDcheaper
单选题The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?AWhen did the new protectionism arise?BWhy is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?CDoes the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?DWhy does the government intervene in economic life?
单选题According to the passage, the decline of good manners is more worrying because______.Ait leads to more crime in society.Bit can seriously affect our daily life.Cpeople view manners as old-fashioned.Drudeness on the street cannot be stemmed out.
单选题The video security systems ______.Aplay an important role in arresting terrorists before they take actionBhave cost the U.S. Department of Homeland Security more than $ 40 million so farCare mainly deployed near WashingtonDwork better than they have been expected to