资料：The increasing amount of personal information that can be collected by computer programs that track how people use Facebook has been revealed by an extensive academic study.Such programs can show undisclosed private information such as Facebook users' sexuality, drug-use habits and even whether their parents separated when they were young, according to the study by the University of Cambridge academics.In one of the biggest studies of its kind scientists from the university’s team and a Microsoft-funded research center analyzed data from 58,000 Facebook users to predict traits and other information that were not provided in their profiles.The algorithms were 88 per cent accurate in predicting male sexual orientation, 95 per cent for race and 80 per cent for religion .And political leanings, personalitytypes and emotional stability were also predicted with accuracy ranging from 62-75 per cent.The study highlights growing concerns about social networks and how data trails can be mined for sensitive information even when people attempt to keep information about themselves private ：Less than 5 per cent of users were connected with explicitly gay groups.Michal Kosinksi ，one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much more time and resources and hence get much higher accuracy than we did.The report also revealed some unexpected correlations such as people who liked ‘curly fries’ having higher IQs while those Who like Facebook’s “Sliding on Floors With Your Socks On”page were unlikely to use drugs.According to Michal Kosinksi,which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The study draws people’s attention for private informationB.information can be predicted correctly in the studyC.some personal information may be collected and used by some companiesD.if people attempt to keep personal information private, things will change
资料：The increasing amount of personal information that can be collected by computer programs that track how people use Facebook has been revealed by an extensive academic study.
Such programs can show undisclosed private information such as Facebook users' sexuality, drug-use habits and even whether their parents separated when they were young, according to the study by the University of Cambridge academics.
In one of the biggest studies of its kind scientists from the university’s team and a Microsoft-funded research center analyzed data from 58,000 Facebook users to predict traits and other information that were not provided in their profiles.
The algorithms were 88 per cent accurate in predicting male sexual orientation, 95 per cent for race and 80 per cent for religion .And political leanings, personality
types and emotional stability were also predicted with accuracy ranging from 62-75 per cent.
The study highlights growing concerns about social networks and how data trails can be mined for sensitive information even when people attempt to keep information about themselves private ：Less than 5 per cent of users were connected with explicitly gay groups.
Michal Kosinksi ，one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much more time and resources and hence get much higher accuracy than we did.
The report also revealed some unexpected correlations such as people who liked ‘curly fries’ having higher IQs while those Who like Facebook’s “Sliding on Floors With Your Socks On”page were unlikely to use drugs.
According to Michal Kosinksi,which of the following is true according to the passage?
Such programs can show undisclosed private information such as Facebook users' sexuality, drug-use habits and even whether their parents separated when they were young, according to the study by the University of Cambridge academics.
In one of the biggest studies of its kind scientists from the university’s team and a Microsoft-funded research center analyzed data from 58,000 Facebook users to predict traits and other information that were not provided in their profiles.
The algorithms were 88 per cent accurate in predicting male sexual orientation, 95 per cent for race and 80 per cent for religion .And political leanings, personality
types and emotional stability were also predicted with accuracy ranging from 62-75 per cent.
The study highlights growing concerns about social networks and how data trails can be mined for sensitive information even when people attempt to keep information about themselves private ：Less than 5 per cent of users were connected with explicitly gay groups.
Michal Kosinksi ，one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much more time and resources and hence get much higher accuracy than we did.
The report also revealed some unexpected correlations such as people who liked ‘curly fries’ having higher IQs while those Who like Facebook’s “Sliding on Floors With Your Socks On”page were unlikely to use drugs.
According to Michal Kosinksi,which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.The study draws people’s attention for private information
B.information can be predicted correctly in the study
C.some personal information may be collected and used by some companies
D.if people attempt to keep personal information private, things will change
B.information can be predicted correctly in the study
C.some personal information may be collected and used by some companies
D.if people attempt to keep personal information private, things will change
参考解析
解析：本题考查的是细节理解
【关键词】Michal Kinkossi
【主题句】第6自然段Michal Kosinksi one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated :by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much More time and resources and hence get Much higher accuracy than we did。本报告的作者之一Michal Kosinksi告诉金融时报，大学的技术能够被公司轻易复制来将人们按照不希望分享的信息（如性取向或政治观点）归类，他说：“我们使用非常简单和基础的方式。市场营销公司和网络公司能够花更多的时间和资源得到比我们更精确的数据。”
【解析】题目意为“根据Michal Kinkossi所说，下面哪一项是正确的？”选项A意为“研究吸引了人们对个人私密信息的关注”，选项B意为“研究中信息可以被正确预测”，选项C意为“一些个人信息可以被一些公司搜集并使用”，选项D意为“如果人们试图保护个人隐私，情况将会改变”，根据主题句，选项C符合题意。
【关键词】Michal Kinkossi
【主题句】第6自然段Michal Kosinksi one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated :by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much More time and resources and hence get Much higher accuracy than we did。本报告的作者之一Michal Kosinksi告诉金融时报，大学的技术能够被公司轻易复制来将人们按照不希望分享的信息（如性取向或政治观点）归类，他说：“我们使用非常简单和基础的方式。市场营销公司和网络公司能够花更多的时间和资源得到比我们更精确的数据。”
【解析】题目意为“根据Michal Kinkossi所说，下面哪一项是正确的？”选项A意为“研究吸引了人们对个人私密信息的关注”，选项B意为“研究中信息可以被正确预测”，选项C意为“一些个人信息可以被一些公司搜集并使用”，选项D意为“如果人们试图保护个人隐私，情况将会改变”，根据主题句，选项C符合题意。
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资料：The increasing amount of personal information that can be collected by computer programs that track how people use Facebook has been revealed by an extensive academic study.Such programs can show undisclosed private information such as Facebook users' sexuality, drug-use habits and even whether their parents separated when they were young, according to the study by the University of Cambridge academics.In one of the biggest studies of its kind scientists from the university’s team and a Microsoft-funded research center analyzed data from 58,000 Facebook users to predict traits and other information that were not provided in their profiles.The algorithms were 88 per cent accurate in predicting male sexual orientation, 95 per cent for race and 80 per cent for religion .And political leanings, personalitytypes and emotional stability were also predicted with accuracy ranging from 62-75 per cent.The study highlights growing concerns about social networks and how data trails can be mined for sensitive information even when people attempt to keep information about themselves private ：Less than 5 per cent of users were connected with explicitly gay groups.Michal Kosinksi ，one of the report’s authors told the Financial Times that the university’s techniques could easily be replicated by companies to inter personal attributes a person did not wish to share such as sexual orientation or political views:”We used very simple and generic methods :Marketing companies and internet companies could spend much more time and resources and hence get much higher accuracy than we did.The report also revealed some unexpected correlations such as people who liked ‘curly fries’ having higher IQs while those Who like Facebook’s “Sliding on Floors With Your Socks On”page were unlikely to use drugs.The word “algorithm”in the fourth passage refers to____.A.the results of a studyB.information from the FacebookC.the number of Facebook usersD.personality types and emotional stability
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共用题干第一篇Computer LiteracyThere is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work,just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine（内燃机）has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons（活塞）being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do.Further,students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy（读写能力）。It is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers.But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun,and while our society needs some people who are experts at it,the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult,and it gets easier all the time as programs become more"user-friendly".Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen.What does the phrase"learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like"learning to drive a car",that is,it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that,once acquired,enable one to use a computer.In fact,"learning to use a computer" is much more like"learning to play a game",but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game,whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program.According to the author,the phrase "learning to use a computer"(Para. 3)means learning_______.A:a set of rulesB:the fundamentals of computer scienceC:specific programsD:general principles of programming
共用题干第一篇Computer LiteracyThere is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work,just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine（内燃机）has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons（活塞）being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do.Further,students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy（读写能力）。It is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers.But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun,and while our society needs some people who are experts at it,the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult,and it gets easier all the time as programs become more"user-friendly".Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen.What does the phrase"learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like"learning to drive a car",that is,it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that,once acquired,enable one to use a computer.In fact,"learning to use a computer" is much more like"learning to play a game",but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game,whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because_______.A:programs are becoming less complicatedB:programs are designed to be convenient to usersC:programming is becoming easier and easierD:programs are becoming readily available to computer users
单选题From Heilman’s remark, we can see that ______.Afull use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleBthe wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyColder people are no less intelligent than young peopleDthe wisdom of older people is of great value to American society
问答题Practice 4 Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoint, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (“ ”). You should write 160—200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. The information and computer technologies have boosted the efficiency and convenience of people’s work and study. Their application in school education has provided teachers and students with new approaches to knowledge and information. There is a heated discussion about whether computers will replace teachers. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Supporters: With the advanced computer and Internet, children can get the learning material whenever they want. Online teaching is becoming more and more popular that students can get planned lessons online. After each class, there is homework for them to do. Both the learning and practice can be done on computers. From computers students can learn something that they are interested in so that they won’t be restricted to the subjects that they are taught at school. Therefore, students will have the opportunity to achieve an all-around development. Opponents: Students need to communicate with teachers and get instructions from them whenever they have troubles in their study. Computers are only cold devices that will affect children’s ability to have face-to-face communication. Education is not only about imparting the knowledge, but also being a useful person. So students need to learn some useful values to be a good person which sometimes cannot be easily learned from computers. Children who use computer will learn to communicate with machines instead of people. There is a risk that they will be a generation of social illiterates.
单选题Your personal information is everywhere-processed and manipulated, stored and sold. But few people really know what is going on and how extensive this vacation has grown.AvocationBindustryCprofessionDoccupation