单选题A potential factor affecting scientists in their efforts to control the overgrowth of world population is that _____.Astate administrators do not have confidence in their workBhumanists usually cannot cooperate well with themCthey haven’t been trained to consider social effects of their workDthey do not have enough time to tackle the problem
单选题
A potential factor affecting scientists in their efforts to control the overgrowth of world population is that _____.
A
state administrators do not have confidence in their work
B
humanists usually cannot cooperate well with them
C
they haven’t been trained to consider social effects of their work
D
they do not have enough time to tackle the problem
参考解析
解析：
推断题。文章第四段介绍了人口过剩的问题，并指出这个问题既可以看作是诸如政治地理这样的长期问题，又可以看作是科技方面的短期问题。第六段提到，由于科学家接受的教育，似乎很少有政府规划者会认为长期战略和短期战略之间可能会相互冲突。特别是科学家们所受到的训练让他们相信，只要找到合适的方法，所有的问题都能迎刃而解。由此可见，作者认为科学家们只注意解决短期的实际问题，从而忽视了长期的社会因素，故答案为C项。A、B、D三项文章中没有提及，故排除。
推断题。文章第四段介绍了人口过剩的问题，并指出这个问题既可以看作是诸如政治地理这样的长期问题，又可以看作是科技方面的短期问题。第六段提到，由于科学家接受的教育，似乎很少有政府规划者会认为长期战略和短期战略之间可能会相互冲突。特别是科学家们所受到的训练让他们相信，只要找到合适的方法，所有的问题都能迎刃而解。由此可见，作者认为科学家们只注意解决短期的实际问题，从而忽视了长期的社会因素，故答案为C项。A、B、D三项文章中没有提及，故排除。
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单选题Passage1 In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this. Onereason is economiIn atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrializeBy theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worlNevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth. Clearly,other factors are involveThemost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women. Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families. Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success. (495 words) Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.Athe most important factor influencing birth rate is the economyBfactors other than the economy influence birth rateCwomen who have a high income usually have few childrenDthe birth rate depends on per capita income
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