波德莱尔的《恶之花》最能体现的艺术倾向是（）

罗兰克兹对丑的研究的贡献是（）

梁启超说：“艺术的陶冶可以将情感善的方面尽量发挥，把邪恶的丑的方面渐渐压服淘汰下去。”对此不正确的理解是（）

通过艺术的“化丑为美”，原本丑的事物就获得了美的属性。

生活中的“丑”经过艺术家的能动创造而具有了艺术美。

我国著名美学家蒋孔阳提出要从“审美关系’’出发来研究美学问题的著作是（）

中国当代美学家对于美学研究的对象有哪四种不同的看法？

在西方的喜剧理论中，倡导“心理能量的节省说”的美学家是（）。

倡导生物本能说的美学家是（）

倡导“心理距离说”的美学家是（）

In the fifties last century many new cities（）in the desert

62  A  continents     B  cities         C  world          D  universe

How many cities are included in the package tour?

Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.　　Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.The City of the Future　　What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They predict that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This overcrowding will cause other problems—more crime, dirtier streets, and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in urban areas.　　How can we solve such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is so little suitable housing—and because rents are so high. The crime rate isn’t going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don’t move at all for several blocks. These urban problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city.　　Los Angeles, California, for instance, has no subway system and the buses are slow. Instead, most commuters drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, by contrast, has a mass transit system—buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, however, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than in Los Angeles.　　On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast, and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use mass transit to move quickly from one part of the city to another.　　The disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city—that is, cities all over the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that provide people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U.S. cities are rebuilding their downtown areas. Urban planners can learn from one another. They can try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world.　　Summary:　　Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They say that cities will become more and more crowded and many other problems will be caused by this 　1　Due to the hard life, people do not want to live in 　2　These urban problems such as overcrowding, crime and traffic have been getting worse, so many people 　3　for the future of the city. However, these disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city. All the cities all over the world must solve the problems and fortunately, many of them have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. For example, 　4　or London has planned communities providing people with apartments, jobs and so on. Besides, many U. S. cities 　5　In a word, solutions that have been successful in a place should be adopted and tried in another place.

The public transports system in many cities in the world（）by the local authority.